如何在swift脚本中运行terminal命令？ （例如xcodebuild）
我想用swiftreplace我的bash脚本。 我不知道如何调用普通的terminal命令，如ls或xcodebuild
#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift import Foundation // Works println("Test") // Works ls // Fails xcodebuild -workspace myApp.xcworkspace // Fails
$ ./script.swift ./script.swift:5:1: error: use of unresolved identifier 'ls' ls // Fails ^ ... etc ....
如果你在Swift代码中不使用命令输出，那么下面就足够了：
#!/usr/bin/env swift import Foundation @discardableResult func shell(_ args: String...) -> Int32 { let task = Process() task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env" task.arguments = args task.launch() task.waitUntilExit() return task.terminationStatus } shell("ls") shell("xcodebuild", "-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace")
更新：对于Swift3 / Xcode8
这里的问题是，你不能混合和匹配Bash和Swift。 您已经知道如何从命令行运行Swift脚本，现在您需要添加在Swift中执行Shell命令的方法。 总结来自PracticalSwift博客：
func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [AnyObject]) -> String { let task = NSTask() task.launchPath = launchPath task.arguments = arguments let pipe = NSPipe() task.standardOutput = pipe task.launch() let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile() let output: String = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)! return output }
下面的Swift代码将执行带参数的xcodebuild ，然后输出结果。
shell("xcodebuild", ["-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace"]);
至于search目录内容（这是什么ls在Bash中），我build议使用NSFileManager和直接扫描目录在Swift中，而不是Bash输出，这可能是一个痛苦的parsing。
效用函数在Swift 3.0中
这也返回任务终止状态并等待完成。
func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) -> (String? , Int32) { let task = Process() task.launchPath = launchPath task.arguments = arguments let pipe = Pipe() task.standardOutput = pipe task.standardError = pipe task.launch() let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile() let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) task.waitUntilExit() return (output, task.terminationStatus) }
如果您想使用bash环境来调用命令，请使用以下bash函数，该函数使用固定版本的Legoless。 我不得不从shell函数的结果中删除一个尾随的换行符。
Swift 3.0： （Xcode8）
import Foundation func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String { let task = Process() task.launchPath = launchPath task.arguments = arguments let pipe = Pipe() task.standardOutput = pipe task.launch() let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile() let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)! if output.characters.count > 0 { //remove newline character. let lastIndex = output.index(before: output.endIndex) return output[output.startIndex ..< lastIndex] } return output } func bash(command: String, arguments: [String]) -> String { let whichPathForCommand = shell(launchPath: "/bin/bash", arguments: [ "-l", "-c", "which \(command)" ]) return shell(launchPath: whichPathForCommand, arguments: arguments) }
例如，要获取当前工作目录的当前工作git分支：
let currentBranch = bash("git", arguments: ["describe", "--contains", "--all", "HEAD"]) print("current branch:\(currentBranch)")
基于Legoless的答案的完整脚本
#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift import Foundation func printShell(launchPath: String, arguments: [AnyObject] = []) { let output = shell(launchPath, arguments:arguments) if (output != nil) { println(output!) } } func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [AnyObject] = []) -> String? { let task = NSTask() task.launchPath = launchPath task.arguments = arguments let pipe = NSPipe() task.standardOutput = pipe task.launch() let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile() let output: String? = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) return output } // > ls // > ls -a -g printShell("/bin/ls") printShell("/bin/ls", arguments:["-a", "-g"])
混合rintaro和Legoless的Swift 3的答案
@discardableResult func shell(_ args: String...) -> String { let task = Process() task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env" task.arguments = args let pipe = Pipe() task.standardOutput = pipe task.launch() task.waitUntilExit() let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile() guard let output: String = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) else { return "" } return output }
