将方法名称作为string时,如何调用Java方法?
如果我有两个variables:
Object obj; String methodName = "getName";
如果不知道obj
的类,我怎么能调用methodName
标识的方法呢?
被调用的方法没有参数,并有一个String
返回值。 这是一个Java bean的getter 。
从臀部编码,这将是这样的:
java.lang.reflect.Method method; try { method = obj.getClass().getMethod(methodName, param1.class, param2.class, ..); } catch (SecurityException e) { ... } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { ... }
参数标识你需要的非常具体的方法(如果有几个重载可用,如果方法没有参数,只给methodName
)。
然后你调用这个方法
try { method.invoke(obj, arg1, arg2,...); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { ... } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { ... } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { ... }
再次,如果你没有任何的话, .invoke
的参数.invoke
。 但是,是的。 阅读Javareflection
使用reflection:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/reflect/member/methodInvocation.html
Class<?> c = Class.forName("class name"); Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod ("method name", parameterTypes) method.invoke (objectToInvokeOn, params)
哪里:
“class级名称”是class级的名称
objectToInvokeOn是Objecttypes的,并且是你想要调用“method name”方法的对象,是你想调用的方法的名称
参数types的types是Class [],并且将该方法所需的参数进行分解
params的types是Object [],并声明传递给方法的参数
该方法可以像这样调用。 还有更多的可能性(检查reflectionAPI),但这是最简单的:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; public class ReflectionTest { private String methodName = "length"; private String valueObject = "Some object"; @Test public void testGetMethod() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException { Method m = valueObject.getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[] {}); Object ret = m.invoke(valueObject, new Object[] {}); Assert.assertEquals(11, ret); } }
对于那些想在Java 7中直接使用代码示例的人:
Dog
类:
package com.mypackage.bean; public class Dog { private String name; private int age; public Dog() { // empty constructor } public Dog(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public void printDog(String name, int age) { System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " year(s) old."); } }
ReflectionDemo
类:
package com.mypackage.demo; import java.lang.reflect.*; public class ReflectionDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog"; Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName); // convert string classname to class Object dog = dogClass.newInstance(); // invoke empty constructor String methodName = ""; // with single parameter, return void methodName = "setName"; Method setNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, String.class); setNameMethod.invoke(dog, "Mishka"); // pass arg // without parameters, return string methodName = "getName"; Method getNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName); String name = (String) getNameMethod.invoke(dog); // explicit cast // with multiple parameters methodName = "printDog"; Class<?>[] paramTypes = {String.class, int.class}; Method printDogMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes); printDogMethod.invoke(dog, name, 3); // pass args } }
产量: Mishka is 3 year(s) old.
你可以用这个参数调用构造函数:
Constructor<?> dogConstructor = dogClass.getConstructor(String.class, int.class); Object dog = dogConstructor.newInstance("Hachiko", 10);
或者,您可以删除
String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog"; Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName); Object dog = dogClass.newInstance();
并做
Dog dog = new Dog(); Method method = Dog.class.getMethod(methodName, ...); method.invoke(dog, ...);
build议的阅读: 创build新的类实例
首先,不要。 避免这种types的代码。 它往往是非常糟糕的代码,也不安全(请参阅Java编程语言安全编码指南第2.0版 )。
如果你必须这样做,则首选java.beans来reflection。 豆包装reflection允许相对安全和传统的访问。
要完成我的同事的答案,您可能需要密切关注:
- 静态或实例调用(在一种情况下,您不需要该类的实例,另一种情况下,您可能需要依赖现有的可能存在或不存在的默认构造函数 )
- 公共或非公共方法调用(对于后者, 您需要在doPrivileged块内的方法上调用setAccessible ,其他findbugs将不会高兴 )
- 封装成一个更易于pipe理的应用exception,如果你想抛出大量的Java系统exception(因此下面的代码中的CCException)
这是一个老的java1.4代码,考虑到这些问题:
/** * Allow for instance call, avoiding certain class circular dependencies. <br /> * Calls even private method if java Security allows it. * @param aninstance instance on which method is invoked (if null, static call) * @param classname name of the class containing the method * (can be null - ignored, actually - if instance if provided, must be provided if static call) * @param amethodname name of the method to invoke * @param parameterTypes array of Classes * @param parameters array of Object * @return resulting Object * @throws CCException if any problem */ public static Object reflectionCall(final Object aninstance, final String classname, final String amethodname, final Class[] parameterTypes, final Object[] parameters) throws CCException { Object res;// = null; try { Class aclass;// = null; if(aninstance == null) { aclass = Class.forName(classname); } else { aclass = aninstance.getClass(); } //Class[] parameterTypes = new Class[]{String[].class}; final Method amethod = aclass.getDeclaredMethod(amethodname, parameterTypes); AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { public Object run() { amethod.setAccessible(true); return null; // nothing to return } }); res = amethod.invoke(aninstance, parameters); } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+CLASS, e); } catch (final SecurityException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+GenericConstants.HASH_DIESE+ amethodname + METHOD_SECURITY_ISSUE, e); } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+GenericConstants.HASH_DIESE+ amethodname + METHOD_NOT_FOUND, e); } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+GenericConstants.HASH_DIESE+ amethodname + METHOD_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS+String.valueOf(parameters)+GenericConstants.CLOSING_ROUND_BRACKET, e); } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+GenericConstants.HASH_DIESE+ amethodname + METHOD_ACCESS_RESTRICTION, e); } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) { throw new CCException.Error(PROBLEM_TO_ACCESS+classname+GenericConstants.HASH_DIESE+ amethodname + METHOD_INVOCATION_ISSUE, e); } return res; }
//Step1 - Using string funClass to convert to class String funClass = "package.myclass"; Class c = Class.forName(funClass); //Step2 - instantiate an object of the class abov Object o = c.newInstance(); //Prepare array of the arguments that your function accepts, lets say only one string here Class[] paramTypes = new Class[1]; paramTypes[0]=String.class; String methodName = "mymethod"; //Instantiate an object of type method that returns you method name Method m = c.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, paramTypes); //invoke method with actual params m.invoke(o, "testparam");
Object obj; Method method = obj.getClass().getMethod("methodName", null); method.invoke(obj, null);
这听起来像是使用Java Reflection包可以实现的。
http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ALT/Reflection/index.html
特别是在按名称调用方法下:
import java.lang.reflect。*;
public class method2 { public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } public static void main(String args[]) { try { Class cls = Class.forName("method2"); Class partypes[] = new Class[2]; partypes[0] = Integer.TYPE; partypes[1] = Integer.TYPE; Method meth = cls.getMethod( "add", partypes); method2 methobj = new method2(); Object arglist[] = new Object[2]; arglist[0] = new Integer(37); arglist[1] = new Integer(47); Object retobj = meth.invoke(methobj, arglist); Integer retval = (Integer)retobj; System.out.println(retval.intValue()); } catch (Throwable e) { System.err.println(e); } } }
如果您多次执行调用,则可以使用Java 7中引入的新方法句柄。在这里,我们将为您的方法返回一个string:
Object obj = new Point( 100, 200 ); String methodName = "toString"; Class<String> resultType = String.class; MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType( resultType ); MethodHandle methodHandle = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual( obj.getClass(), methodName, mt ); String result = resultType.cast( methodHandle.invoke( obj ) ); System.out.println( result ); // java.awt.Point[x=100,y=200]
请参考下面的代码可以帮助你。
public static void main(String args[]) { MethodClass obj = new MethodClass(); Method[] methods = obj.getClass().getMethods(); try { for(int i=0;i<methods.length;i++) { String name=methods[i].getName(); if(name.equals("A")) { methods[i].invoke(obj,"Test Parameters of A"); return; } } } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } }
谢谢….
Method method = KeyWords.class.getMethod(Keyword); String status = (String) method.invoke(method);
KeyWords是类名,KeyWord是一个variables
我这样做:
try { YourClass yourClass = new YourClass(); Method method = YourClass.class.getMethod("yourMethodName", ParameterOfThisMethod.class); method.invoke(yourClass, parameter); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
Student.java
class Student{ int rollno; String name; void m1(int x,int y){ System.out.println("add is" +(x+y)); } private void m3(String name){ this.name=name; System.out.println("danger yappa:"+name); } void m4(){ System.out.println("This is m4"); } }
StudentTest.java
import java.lang.reflect.Method; public class StudentTest{ public static void main(String[] args){ try{ Class cls=Student.class; Student s=(Student)cls.newInstance(); String x="kichha"; Method mm3=cls.getDeclaredMethod("m3",String.class); mm3.setAccessible(true); mm3.invoke(s,x); Method mm1=cls.getDeclaredMethod("m1",int.class,int.class); mm1.invoke(s,10,20); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
你应该使用reflection – 初始化一个类对象,然后在这个类中的一个方法,然后在一个带有可选参数的对象上调用这个方法。 记得在try-catch块中包装下面的代码片段
希望它有帮助!
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(FULLY_QUALIFIED_CLASS_NAME); Method method = aClass.getMethod(methodName, YOUR_PARAM_1.class, YOUR_PARAM_2.class); method.invoke(OBJECT_TO_RUN_METHOD_ON, YOUR_PARAM_1, YOUR_PARAM_2);
这对我来说工作得很好:
public class MethodInvokerClass { public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, ClassNotFoundException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException { Class c = Class.forName(MethodInvokerClass.class.getName()); Object o = c.newInstance(); Class[] paramTypes = new Class[1]; paramTypes[0]=String.class; String methodName = "countWord"; Method m = c.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, paramTypes); m.invoke(o, "testparam"); } public void countWord(String input){ System.out.println("My input "+input); }
}
输出:
My input testparam
我能够通过将其名称传递给另一个方法(如main)来调用该方法。
使用import java.lang.reflect.*;
public static Object launchProcess(String className, String methodName, Class<?>[] argsTypes, Object[] methodArgs) throws Exception { Class<?> processClass = Class.forName(className); // convert string classname to class Object process = processClass.newInstance(); // invoke empty constructor Method aMethod = process.getClass().getMethod(methodName,argsTypes); Object res = aMethod.invoke(process, methodArgs); // pass arg return(res); }
这里是你如何使用它:
String className = "com.example.helloworld"; String methodName = "print"; Class<?>[] argsTypes = {String.class, String.class}; Object[] methArgs = { "hello", "world" }; launchProcess(className, methodName, argsTypes, methArgs);
对我来说,一个非常简单而又简单的方法就是简单地调用方法调用方法如下:
public static object methodCaller(String methodName) { if(methodName.equals("getName")) return className.getName(); }
那么当你需要调用这个方法时,简单地把这样的东西
//calling a toString method is unnessary here, but i use it to have my programs to both rigid and self-explanitory System.out.println(methodCaller(methodName).toString());