编写自己的STL容器

是否有指导如何写一个新的容器,其行为将像任何STL容器?

这里是一个从§23.2.1 \ 4拼凑在一起的序列伪容器请注意, iterator_category应该是std::input_iterator_tagstd::output_iterator_tagstd::forward_iterator_tagstd::random_access_iterator_tagstd::random_access_iterator_tag 。 另外请注意,下面在技术上比要求更严格,但这是这个想法。 请注意,绝大多数的“标准”函数在技术上是可选的,因为迭代器的可怕性。

 template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T> > class X { public: typedef A allocator_type; typedef typename A::value_type value_type; typedef typename A::reference reference; typedef typename A::const_reference const_reference; typedef typename A::difference_type difference_type; typedef typename A::size_type size_type; class iterator { public: typedef typename A::difference_type difference_type; typedef typename A::value_type value_type; typedef typename A::reference reference; typedef typename A::pointer pointer; typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; //or another tag iterator(); iterator(const iterator&); ~iterator(); iterator& operator=(const iterator&); bool operator==(const iterator&) const; bool operator!=(const iterator&) const; bool operator<(const iterator&) const; //optional bool operator>(const iterator&) const; //optional bool operator<=(const iterator&) const; //optional bool operator>=(const iterator&) const; //optional iterator& operator++(); iterator operator++(int); //optional iterator& operator--(); //optional iterator operator--(int); //optional iterator& operator+=(size_type); //optional iterator operator+(size_type) const; //optional friend iterator operator+(size_type, const iterator&); //optional iterator& operator-=(size_type); //optional iterator operator-(size_type) const; //optional difference_type operator-(iterator) const; //optional reference operator*() const; pointer operator->() const; reference operator[](size_type) const; //optional }; class const_iterator { public: typedef typename A::difference_type difference_type; typedef typename A::value_type value_type; typedef typename const A::reference reference; typedef typename const A::pointer pointer; typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; //or another tag const_iterator (); const_iterator (const const_iterator&); const_iterator (const iterator&); ~const_iterator(); const_iterator& operator=(const const_iterator&); bool operator==(const const_iterator&) const; bool operator!=(const const_iterator&) const; bool operator<(const const_iterator&) const; //optional bool operator>(const const_iterator&) const; //optional bool operator<=(const const_iterator&) const; //optional bool operator>=(const const_iterator&) const; //optional const_iterator& operator++(); const_iterator operator++(int); //optional const_iterator& operator--(); //optional const_iterator operator--(int); //optional const_iterator& operator+=(size_type); //optional const_iterator operator+(size_type) const; //optional friend const_iterator operator+(size_type, const const_iterator&); //optional const_iterator& operator-=(size_type); //optional const_iterator operator-(size_type) const; //optional difference_type operator-(const_iterator) const; //optional reference operator*() const; pointer operator->() const; reference operator[](size_type) const; //optional }; typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator; //optional typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator; //optional X(); X(const X&); ~X(); X& operator=(const X&); bool operator==(const X&) const; bool operator!=(const X&) const; bool operator<(const X&) const; //optional bool operator>(const X&) const; //optional bool operator<=(const X&) const; //optional bool operator>=(const X&) const; //optional iterator begin(); const_iterator begin() const; const_iterator cbegin() const; iterator end(); const_iterator end() const; const_iterator cend() const; reverse_iterator rbegin(); //optional const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const; //optional const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const; //optional reverse_iterator rend(); //optional const_reverse_iterator rend() const; //optional const_reverse_iterator crend() const; //optional reference front(); //optional const_reference front() const; //optional reference back(); //optional const_reference back() const; //optional template<class ...Args> void emplace_front(Args&&...); //optional template<class ...Args> void emplace_back(Args&&...); //optional void push_front(const T&); //optional void push_front(T&&); //optional void push_back(const T&); //optional void push_back(T&&); //optional void pop_front(); //optional void pop_back(); //optional reference operator[](size_type); //optional const_reference operator[](size_type) const; //optional reference at(size_type); //optional const_reference at(size_type) const; //optional template<class ...Args> iterator emplace(const_iterator, Args&&...); //optional iterator insert(const_iterator, const T&); //optional iterator insert(const_iterator, T&&); //optional iterator insert(const_iterator, size_type, T&); //optional template<class iter> iterator insert(const_iterator, iter, iter); //optional iterator insert(const_iterator, std::initializer_list<T>); //optional iterator erase(const_iterator); //optional iterator erase(const_iterator, const_iterator); //optional void clear(); //optional template<class iter> void assign(iter, iter); //optional void assign(std::initializer_list<T>); //optional void assign(size_type, const T&); //optional void swap(X&); size_type size() const; size_type max_size() const; bool empty() const; A get_allocator() const; //optional }; template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T> > void swap(X<T,A>&, X<T,A>&); //optional 

另外,每当我做一个容器时,我都会用一个或多个类来testing:

 #include <cassert> struct verify; class tester { friend verify; static int livecount; const tester* self; public: tester() :self(this) {++livecount;} tester(const tester&) :self(this) {++livecount;} ~tester() {assert(self==this);--livecount;} tester& operator=(const tester& b) { assert(self==this && b.self == &b); return *this; } void cfunction() const {assert(self==this);} void mfunction() {assert(self==this);} }; int tester::livecount=0; struct verify { ~verify() {assert(tester::livecount==0);} }verifier; 

制作tester对象的容器,并在tester容器时调用每个function() 。 不要创build任何全局tester对象。 如果你的容器在任何地方作弊,这个tester类将会assert ,你会知道你在某个地方意外地被欺骗了。

您将需要阅读关于容器的C ++标准部分,并要求C ++标准对容器实现施加的要求。

C ++ 03标准中的相关章节是:

第23.1节容器要求

C ++ 11标准中的相关章节是:

第23.2节容器要求

C ++ 11标准的近期草案可以在这里免费获取。

您也可以阅读一些优秀的书籍,从容器使用者的angular度来帮助您理解要求。 两个很容易打动我的书是:

有效的STL作者: Scott Meyers
C ++标准库: Nicolai Josutils的 教程和参考

这是一个非常简单的假vector的实现,它基本上是std::vector一个包装,并且有自己的(但真正的)迭代器,它模仿STL迭代器。 同样,迭代器是非常简单的,跳过了许多概念,如const_iterator ,有效性检查等。

代码是可以运行的。

 #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> template<typename T> struct It { std::vector<T>& vec_; int pointer_; It(std::vector<T>& vec) : vec_{vec}, pointer_{0} {} It(std::vector<T>& vec, int size) : vec_{vec}, pointer_{size} {} bool operator!=(const It<T>& other) const { return !(*this == other); } bool operator==(const It<T>& other) const { return pointer_ == other.pointer_; } It& operator++() { ++pointer_; return *this; } T& operator*() const { return vec_.at(pointer_); } }; template<typename T> struct Vector { std::vector<T> vec_; void push_back(T item) { vec_.push_back(item); }; It<T> begin() { return It<T>(vec_); } It<T> end() { return It<T>(vec_, vec_.size()); } }; int main() { Vector<int> vec; vec.push_back(1); vec.push_back(2); vec.push_back(3); bool first = true; for (It<int> it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) { if (first) //modify container once while iterating { vec.push_back(4); first = false; } std::cout << *it << '\n'; //print it (*it)++; //change it } for (It<int> it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) { std::cout << *it << '\n'; //should see changed value } }