SQL Server：提取表元数据（描述，字段及其数据types）
我试图find一种方法来提取有关我的表在SQL Server（2008）的信息。
我需要的数据需要包括表的描述 （从属性窗口中的描述属性填充），该表的字段列表及其各自的数据types 。
有什么办法可以提取这些元数据吗？ 我想我必须使用一些sys sp，但是我不确定哪一个。
要获取描述数据，您不幸的是必须使用sysobjects / syscolumns来获取ID：
SELECT u.name + '.' + t.name AS [table], td.value AS [table_desc], c.name AS [column], cd.value AS [column_desc] FROM sysobjects t INNER JOIN sysusers u ON u.uid = t.uid LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties td ON td.major_id = t.id AND td.minor_id = 0 AND td.name = 'MS_Description' INNER JOIN syscolumns c ON c.id = t.id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties cd ON cd.major_id = c.id AND cd.minor_id = c.colid AND cd.name = 'MS_Description' WHERE t.type = 'u' ORDER BY t.name, c.colorder
你可以用info-schema来完成，但是你必须连接等来调用OBJECT_ID（） – 那么重要的是什么？
有关表和列的一般信息可以在这些表中find：
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
表格描述是一个扩展属性，您可以从sys.extended_properties中查询它们：
select TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name, TableDescription = prop.value, ColumnName = col.column_name, ColumnDataType = col.data_type FROM information_schema.tables tbl INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name AND col.table_schema = tbl.table_schema LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties prop ON prop.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name) AND prop.minor_id = 0 AND prop.name = 'MS_Description' WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
你可以试试sp_help <Name of object>
使用对象目录视图：
SELECT T.NAME AS [TABLE NAME], C.NAME AS [COLUMN NAME], P.NAME AS [DATA TYPE], P.MAX_LENGTH AS[SIZE], CAST(P.PRECISION AS VARCHAR) +'/'+ CAST(P.SCALE AS VARCHAR) AS [PRECISION/SCALE] FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.OBJECTS AS T JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.COLUMNS AS C ON T.OBJECT_ID=C.OBJECT_ID JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.TYPES AS P ON C.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID=P.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID WHERE T.TYPE_DESC='USER_TABLE';
使用信息模式视图
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_DEFAULT, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE, DATETIME_PRECISION FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
我最喜欢@ Andomar的回答，但是我也需要列描述。 这里是他的查询修改，以包括那些也。 （取消注释WHERE子句的最后一部分以仅返回其中任一描述非空的行）。
SELECT TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name, TableDescription = tableProp.value, ColumnName = col.column_name, ColumnDataType = col.data_type, ColumnDescription = colDesc.ColumnDescription FROM information_schema.tables tbl INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties tableProp ON tableProp.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name) AND tableProp.minor_id = 0 AND tableProp.name = 'MS_Description' LEFT JOIN ( SELECT sc.object_id, sc.column_id, sc.name, colProp.[value] AS ColumnDescription FROM sys.columns sc INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties colProp ON colProp.major_id = sc.object_id AND colProp.minor_id = sc.column_id AND colProp.name = 'MS_Description' ) colDesc ON colDesc.object_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name) AND colDesc.name = col.COLUMN_NAME WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table' --AND tableProp.[value] IS NOT NULL OR colDesc.ColumnDescription IS NOT null
取决于你想要多less元数据，这对我来说是工作的：哪里可能是Northwind.dbo.Products或产品
SELECT c.name Field, t.name Type, c.Precision, c.Scale, c.is_nullable, c.collation_name FROM sys.columns c INNER JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id=c.system_type_id WHERE object_id=object_id('<table to inspect>') ORDER BY column_id
如果您使用java代码提取查询，则可以使用一个很好的类ResultSetMetaData，它可以检索列名称和列的属性（types和长度）。
例
ResultSet rs = null; rs = sql.executeQuery(); if (rs != null) { if (rs.next()) { ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) { System.out.println("column name: " + rsmd.getColumnName(i)); System.out.println("column size: " + rsmd.getColumnDisplaySize(i)); } }
我使用这个SQL代码来获取有关列的所有信息。
SELECT COL.COLUMN_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE, DATETIME_PRECISION, IS_NULLABLE, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') IS_IDENTITY, COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') IS_COMPUTED FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COL LEFT OUTER JOIN ( SELECT COLUMN_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE A INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B ON A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = 'User' ) CONS ON COL.COLUMN_NAME = CONS.COLUMN_NAME WHERE COL.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
如果您只是想以方便的方式查看信息，红门的SQL提示可能会有所帮助。
如果将鼠标hover在查询窗口中的对象文本上，SQL提示将在工具提示中显示MS_Description扩展属性文本。 点击工具提示将打开一个对话框，显示列信息和对象的DDL。
http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-prompt/
如果可以使用.NET代码，我会build议使用SMO： http : //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx ，在您的具体情况下，它将是表类http：// msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.table.aspx与使用特定于版本的系统视图和表相比，这将是一个更加便携的解决scheme。
如果这是你要定期使用的东西 – 你可能想编写一个简单的控制台应用程序，也许运行T4代码生成器http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee844259.aspx
如果只是一个一次性的任务 – 您可以使用我的LiveDoco的（ http://www.livedoco.com ）导出到XMLfunction与可选的XSLT转换，或者我确信有可以做到这一点的免费工具。 这看起来不错： http ： //sqldbdoc.codeplex.com/ – 通过XSLT支持XML，但我不确定你是否可以运行它的select表虽然（你可以用LiveDoco）。
SELECT sc.name AS ColumnName ,ep.* FROM sys.columns AS sc INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep ON ep.major_id = sc.[object_id] AND ep.minor_id = sc.column_id WHERE --here put your desired table sc.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[Northwind].[dbo].[Products]') -- this is optional, remove this and you get all extended props AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
select Col.name Columnname,prop.Value Description, tbl.name Tablename, sch.name schemaname from sys.columns col left outer join sys.extended_properties prop on prop.major_id = col.object_id and prop.minor_id = col.column_id inner join sys.tables tbl on col.object_id = tbl.object_id Left outer join sys.schemas sch on sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
我刚刚用一些有用的查询完成了一个.net库，为代码gen / t4模板返回强types的C＃对象。
nuget SqlMeta
项目网站
github源码
/// <summary> /// Get All Table Names /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public List<string> GetTableNames() { var sql = @"SELECT name FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'U' AND name <> 'sysdiagrams' order by name asc"; return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>( sql: sql)) .ToList(); } /// <summary> /// Get table info by schema and table or null for all /// </summary> /// <param name="schema"></param> /// <param name="table"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<SqlTableInfo> GetTableInfo(string schema = null, string table = null) { var result = new List<SqlTableInfo>(); var sql = @"SELECT c.TABLE_CATALOG AS [TableCatalog] , c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS [Schema] , c.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName] , c.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName] , c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS [OrdinalPosition] , c.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [ColumnDefault] , c.IS_NULLABLE AS [Nullable] , c.DATA_TYPE AS [DataType] , c.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS [CharacterMaxLength] , c.CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS [CharacterOctetLenth] , c.NUMERIC_PRECISION AS [NumericPrecision] , c.NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX AS [NumericPrecisionRadix] , c.NUMERIC_SCALE AS [NumericScale] , c.DATETIME_PRECISION AS [DatTimePrecision] , c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG AS [CharacterSetCatalog] , c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA AS [CharacterSetSchema] , c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CharacterSetName] , c.COLLATION_CATALOG AS [CollationCatalog] , c.COLLATION_SCHEMA AS [CollationSchema] , c.COLLATION_NAME AS [CollationName] , c.DOMAIN_CATALOG AS [DomainCatalog] , c.DOMAIN_SCHEMA AS [DomainSchema] , c.DOMAIN_NAME AS [DomainName] , IsPrimaryKey = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc , INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND tc.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME AND cu.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA AND cu.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME) ) , IsIdentity = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.objects obj INNER JOIN sys.COLUMNS col ON obj.object_id = col.object_id WHERE obj.type = 'U' AND obj.Name = c.TABLE_NAME AND col.Name = c.COLUMN_NAME AND col.is_identity = 1) ) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c WHERE (@Schema IS NULL OR c.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema) AND (@TableName IS NULL OR c.TABLE_NAME = @TableName) "; var columns = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlColumnInfo>( sql: sql, param: new { Schema = schema, TableName = table }, commandType: CommandType.Text) .ToList()); var refs = this.GetReferentialConstraints(table: table, schema: schema); foreach (var tableName in columns.Select(info => info.TableName).Distinct()) { var tableColumns = columns.Where(info => info.TableName == tableName).ToList(); var children = refs.Where(c => c.UniqueTableName == tableName).ToList(); var parents = refs.Where(c => c.TableName == tableName).ToList(); result.Add(new SqlTableInfo { TableName = tableName, Columns = tableColumns, ChildConstraints = children, ParentConstraints = parents }); } return result; } public List<SqlReferentialConstraint> GetReferentialConstraints(string table = null, string schema = null) { //https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa175805%28v=sql.80%29.aspx //https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa175805.312ron1%28l=en-us,v=sql.80%29.jpg //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx var sql = @" SELECT KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [ConstraintName] , KCU1.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName] , KCU1.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName] , KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [UniqueConstraintName] , KCU2.TABLE_NAME AS [UniqueTableName] , KCU2.COLUMN_NAME AS [UniqueColumnName] , RC.MATCH_OPTION AS [MatchOption] , RC.UPDATE_RULE AS [UpdateRule] , RC.DELETE_RULE AS [DeleteRule] FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS RC LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU1 ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU2 ON KCU2.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME WHERE KCU1.ORDINAL_POSITION = KCU2.ORDINAL_POSITION AND (@Table IS NULL OR KCU1.TABLE_NAME = @Table OR KCU2.TABLE_NAME = @Table) AND (@Schema IS NULL OR KCU1.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema OR KCU2.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema) "; return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlReferentialConstraint>( sql: sql, param: new { Table = table, Schema = schema }, commandType: CommandType.Text)) .ToList(); } /// <summary> /// Get Primary Key Column by schema and table name /// </summary> /// <param name="schema"></param> /// <param name="tableName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetPrimaryKeyColumnName(string schema, string tableName) { var sql = @"SELECT B.COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS A , INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE B WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND A.TABLE_NAME = @TableName AND A.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema"; return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>( sql: sql, param: new { TableName = tableName, Schema = schema }, commandType: CommandType.Text)) .SingleOrDefault(); } /// <summary> /// Get Identity Column by table name /// </summary> /// <param name="tableName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetIdentityColumnName(string tableName) { var sql = @"SELECT c.Name FROM sys.objects o INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id = c.object_id WHERE o.type = 'U' AND c.is_identity = 1 AND o.Name = @TableName"; return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>( sql: sql, param: new { TableName = tableName }, commandType: CommandType.Text)) .SingleOrDefault(); } /// <summary> /// Get All Stored Procedures by schema /// </summary> /// <param name="schema"></param> /// <param name="procName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo> GetStoredProcedureInfo(string schema = null, string procName = null) { var result = new List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>(); var sql = @"SELECT SPECIFIC_NAME AS [Name] , SPECIFIC_SCHEMA AS [Schema] , Created AS [Created] , LAST_ALTERED AS [LastAltered] FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE' AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema OR @Schema IS NULL) AND (SPECIFIC_NAME = @ProcName OR @ProcName IS NULL) AND ((SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'sp_%' AND SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'procUtils_GenerateClass' AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema OR @Schema IS NULL)) OR SPECIFIC_SCHEMA <> @Schema)"; var sprocs = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>( sql: sql, param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = procName }, commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList()); foreach (var s in sprocs) { s.Parameters = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(sprocName: s.Name, schema: schema); s.ResultColumns = GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(storedProcName: s.Name, schema: schema); result.Add(s); } return result; } /// <summary> /// Get Column info from Stored procedure result set /// </summary> /// <param name="schema"></param> /// <param name="storedProcName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<DataColumn> GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(string schema, string storedProcName) { //this one actually needs to use the dataset because it has the only accurate information about columns and if they can be null or not. var sb = new StringBuilder(); if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(schema)) { sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}].[{1}] ", schema, storedProcName)); } else { sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}] ", storedProcName)); } var prms = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(schema, storedProcName); var count = 1; foreach (var param in prms) { sb.Append(String.Format("{0}=null", param.Name)); if (count < prms.Count) { sb.Append(", "); } count++; } var ds = new DataSet(); using (var sqlConnection = (SqlConnection)databaseWrapper.GetOpenDbConnection()) { using (var sqlAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sb.ToString(), sqlConnection)) { if (sqlConnection.State != ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Open(); sqlAdapter.SelectCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly); sqlConnection.Close(); sqlAdapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Source, "MyTable"); } } var list = new List<DataColumn>(); if (ds.Tables.Count > 0) { list = ds.Tables["MyTable"].Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToList(); } return list; } /// <summary> /// Get the input parameters for a stored procedure /// </summary> /// <param name="schema"></param> /// <param name="sprocName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<SqlParameterInfo> GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(string schema = null, string sprocName = null) { var sql = @"SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) AS [Schema] , P.Name AS Name , @ProcName AS ProcedureName , TYPE_NAME(P.user_type_id) AS [ParameterDataType] , P.max_length AS [MaxLength] , P.Precision AS [Precision] , P.Scale AS Scale , P.has_default_value AS HasDefaultValue , P.default_value AS DefaultValue , P.object_id AS ObjectId , P.parameter_id AS ParameterId , P.system_type_id AS SystemTypeId , P.user_type_id AS UserTypeId , P.is_output AS IsOutput , P.is_cursor_ref AS IsCursor , P.is_xml_document AS IsXmlDocument , P.xml_collection_id AS XmlCollectionId , P.is_readonly AS IsReadOnly FROM sys.objects AS SO INNER JOIN sys.parameters AS P ON SO.object_id = P.object_id WHERE SO.object_id IN (SELECT object_id FROM sys.objects WHERE type IN ('P', 'FN')) AND (SO.Name = @ProcName OR @ProcName IS NULL) AND (SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) = @Schema OR @Schema IS NULL) ORDER BY P.parameter_id ASC"; var result = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlParameterInfo>( sql: sql, param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = sprocName }, commandType: CommandType.Text)) .ToList(); return result; }
外键元数据
