如何从Windows服务运行控制台应用程序？
我有一个Windows服务，用C＃写的，我需要从它运行一个控制台应用程序。 控制台应用程序也用C＃编写。
当它不是从Windows服务运行时，控制台应用程序运行良好。 当它从ws运行时，它不会做任何事情，因为它应该工作10-20秒，我在debugging代码中看到一次执行。
我用以下代码启动我的控制台应用程序：
proc.Start(fullPathToConsole, args); proc.WaitForExit(); 到控制台的path是正确的，当我试图从cmd运行它，或者只是在资源pipe理器（没有参数），它工作正常。 但是在运行服务之后，我看不出任何效果。
我已经尝试去服务属性，并授予它访问桌面和运行在系统和我的用户（也在服务属性中指定）。 全部保持不变。
另外：我知道服务没有用户界面，我不想要一个。 我想要服务来运行控制台应用程序。 没有必要从它得到任何数据或使用这个控制台像ui，只是运行它做的工作。
更新我：发现，运行钙或任何其他Windows应用程序很容易。 但仍然不能运行cmd或任何控制台应用程序。 其实我需要在XP SP2和Windows 2003 Server上运行它。 所以无论如何不需要与Vista交互。
会很高兴的任何意见！
从Windows Vista开始，服务无法与桌面交互。 您将无法看到从服务启动的任何窗口或控制台窗口。 请参阅此MSDN论坛主题 。
在其他操作系统上，在名为“允许服务与桌面交互”的服务选项中提供了一个选项。 从技术上讲，你应该为未来编程，即使你不在Vista上使用它，也应该遵循Vista指南。
如果您仍想运行一个永远不与桌面交互的应用程序，请尝试指定该进程不使用该shell。
ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo(@"c:\myprogram.exe"); info.UseShellExecute = false; info.RedirectStandardError = true; info.RedirectStandardInput = true; info.RedirectStandardOutput = true; info.CreateNoWindow = true; info.ErrorDialog = false; info.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden; Process process = Process.Start(info);
看看这是否有窍门。
首先通知Windows，该程序不会使用shell（在Vista中无法访问）。
其次，将所有控制台交互redirect到内部stream（请参阅process.StandardInput和process.StandardOutput 。
我成功之前完成了这个工作 – 我在家里有一些代码。 当我今晚回到家时，我会更新这个答案与启动控制台应用程序的服务的工作代码。
我以为我会从头开始尝试。 这是我写的启动控制台应用程序的一些代码。 我安装它作为一个服务，运行它，它工作正常：cmd.exe启动（在任务pipe理器中看到），并居住10秒，直到我发送出口命令。 我希望这可以帮助你的情况，因为它在这里正常工作。
using (System.Diagnostics.Process process = new System.Diagnostics.Process()) { process.StartInfo = new System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo(@"c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe"); process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; process.StartInfo.ErrorDialog = false; process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true; process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; process.StartInfo.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden; process.Start(); //// do some other things while you wait... System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000); // simulate doing other things... process.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit"); // tell console to exit if (!process.HasExited) { process.WaitForExit(120000); // give 2 minutes for process to finish if (!process.HasExited) { process.Kill(); // took too long, kill it off } } }
Windows服务没有UI。 您可以使用此问题中显示的代码将控制台应用程序的输出redirect到您的服务。
正如皮埃尔所说，没有办法有一个Windows服务的用户界面（或者没有简单的方法）。 我在这种情况下做的是在服务运行的任何时间间隔都有一个从服务中读取的设置文件，并有一个独立的应用程序来更改设置文件。
您的控制台应用程序需要用户交互吗 如果是这样，这是一个严重的问题，你应该重新devise你的应用程序。 虽然在老版本的操作系统上做这样的工作有一些窍门，但是将来会有所保留。
如果您的应用程序不需要用户交互，那么您的问题可能与服务正在运行的用户有关。 请确保您以正确的用户身份运行，或者您正在使用的用户和/或资源具有正确的权限。
如果您需要某种用户交互，则需要创build一个客户端应用程序，并通过rpc，套接字或命名pipe道与服务和/或子应用程序进行通信。
服务需要连接到服务控制pipe理器，并在启动时提供反馈（即告诉SCM“我还活着！”）。 这就是为什么C＃应用程序有不同的服务项目模板。 你有两个select：
- 按照KB 如何创build用户定义的服务中所述，将您的exe包装在srvany.exe上
- 让C＃应用程序检测何时作为服务启动（例如，命令行参数），并将控件切换为从ServiceBaseinheritance并正确实现服务的类。
我有一个Windows服务，并将以下行添加到我的服务的构造函数：
using System.Diagnostics; try { Process p = Process.Start(@"C:\Windows\system32\calc.exe"); } catch { Debugger.Break(); }
当我试图运行这个时，进行了Process.Start（）调用，并没有发生exception。 但是，calc.exe应用程序没有显示出来。 为了使其工作，我已经在服务控制pipe理器中编辑了我的服务的属性，以启用与桌面的交互。 这样做后，Process.Start（）按预期打开calc.exe。
但正如其他人所说，与桌面的互动被微软所诟病，而且在Vista中已基本被禁用。 所以，即使你能在XP下工作，我也不知道你能在Vista中工作。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.ServiceProcess; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace SystemControl { class Services { static string strPath = @"D:\"; static void Main(string[] args) { string strServiceName = "WindowsService1"; CreateFolderStructure(strPath); string svcPath = @"D:\Applications\MSC\Agent\bin\WindowsService1.exe"; if (!IsInstalled(strServiceName)) { InstallAndStart(strServiceName, strServiceName, svcPath + " -k runservice"); } else { Console.Write(strServiceName + " already installed. Do you want to Uninstalled the Service.Y/N.?"); string strKey = Console.ReadLine(); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strKey) && (strKey.StartsWith("y")|| strKey.StartsWith("Y"))) { StopService(strServiceName); Uninstall(strServiceName); ServiceLogs(strServiceName + " Uninstalled.!", strPath); Console.Write(strServiceName + " Uninstalled.!"); Console.Read(); } } } #region "Environment Variables" public static string GetEnvironment(string name, bool ExpandVariables = true) { if (ExpandVariables) { return System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(name); } else { return (string)Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment\").GetValue(name, "", Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions.DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames); } } public static void SetEnvironment(string name, string value) { System.Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(name, value); } #endregion #region "ServiceCalls Native" public static ServiceController[] List { get { return ServiceController.GetServices(); } } public static void Start(string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds) { ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName); try { TimeSpan timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds); service.Start(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeout); } catch(Exception ex) { // ... } } public static void Stop(string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds) { ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName); try { TimeSpan timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds); service.Stop(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeout); } catch { // ... } } public static void Restart(string serviceName, int timeoutMilliseconds) { ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName); try { int millisec1 = Environment.TickCount; TimeSpan timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds); service.Stop(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, timeout); // count the rest of the timeout int millisec2 = Environment.TickCount; timeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds - (millisec2 - millisec1)); service.Start(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, timeout); } catch { // ... } } public static bool IsInstalled(string serviceName) { // get list of Windows services ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices(); // try to find service name foreach (ServiceController service in services) { if (service.ServiceName == serviceName) return true; } return false; } #endregion #region "ServiceCalls API" private const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = 0xF0000; private const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x00000010; [Flags] public enum ServiceManagerRights { Connect = 0x0001, CreateService = 0x0002, EnumerateService = 0x0004, Lock = 0x0008, QueryLockStatus = 0x0010, ModifyBootConfig = 0x0020, StandardRightsRequired = 0xF0000, AllAccess = (StandardRightsRequired | Connect | CreateService | EnumerateService | Lock | QueryLockStatus | ModifyBootConfig) } [Flags] public enum ServiceRights { QueryConfig = 0x1, ChangeConfig = 0x2, QueryStatus = 0x4, EnumerateDependants = 0x8, Start = 0x10, Stop = 0x20, PauseContinue = 0x40, Interrogate = 0x80, UserDefinedControl = 0x100, Delete = 0x00010000, StandardRightsRequired = 0xF0000, AllAccess = (StandardRightsRequired | QueryConfig | ChangeConfig | QueryStatus | EnumerateDependants | Start | Stop | PauseContinue | Interrogate | UserDefinedControl) } public enum ServiceBootFlag { Start = 0x00000000, SystemStart = 0x00000001, AutoStart = 0x00000002, DemandStart = 0x00000003, Disabled = 0x00000004 } public enum ServiceState { Unknown = -1, // The state cannot be (has not been) retrieved. NotFound = 0, // The service is not known on the host server. Stop = 1, // The service is NET stopped. Run = 2, // The service is NET started. Stopping = 3, Starting = 4, } public enum ServiceControl { Stop = 0x00000001, Pause = 0x00000002, Continue = 0x00000003, Interrogate = 0x00000004, Shutdown = 0x00000005, ParamChange = 0x00000006, NetBindAdd = 0x00000007, NetBindRemove = 0x00000008, NetBindEnable = 0x00000009, NetBindDisable = 0x0000000A } public enum ServiceError { Ignore = 0x00000000, Normal = 0x00000001, Severe = 0x00000002, Critical = 0x00000003 } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class SERVICE_STATUS { public int dwServiceType = 0; public ServiceState dwCurrentState = 0; public int dwControlsAccepted = 0; public int dwWin32ExitCode = 0; public int dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0; public int dwCheckPoint = 0; public int dwWaitHint = 0; } [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "OpenSCManagerA")] private static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string lpMachineName, string lpDatabaseName, ServiceManagerRights dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "OpenServiceA", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] private static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, ServiceRights dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateServiceA")] private static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, ServiceRights dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceBootFlag dwStartType, ServiceError dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lp, string lpPassword); [DllImport("advapi32.dll")] private static extern int CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr hSCObject); [DllImport("advapi32.dll")] private static extern int QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern int DeleteService(IntPtr hService); [DllImport("advapi32.dll")] private static extern int ControlService(IntPtr hService, ServiceControl dwControl, SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", EntryPoint = "StartServiceA")] private static extern int StartService(IntPtr hService, int dwNumServiceArgs, int lpServiceArgVectors); /// <summary> /// Takes a service name and tries to stop and then uninstall the windows serviceError /// </summary> /// <param name="ServiceName">The windows service name to uninstall</param> public static void Uninstall(string ServiceName) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect); try { IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName, ServiceRights.StandardRightsRequired | ServiceRights.Stop | ServiceRights.QueryStatus); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { throw new ApplicationException("Service not installed."); } try { StopService(service); int ret = DeleteService(service); if (ret == 0) { int error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); throw new ApplicationException("Could not delete service " + error); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(service); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Accepts a service name and returns true if the service with that service name exists /// </summary> /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that we will check for existence</param> /// <returns>True if that service exists false otherwise</returns> public static bool ServiceIsInstalled(string ServiceName) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect); try { IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName, ServiceRights.QueryStatus); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) return false; CloseServiceHandle(service); return true; } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Takes a service name, a service display name and the path to the service executable and installs / starts the windows service. /// </summary> /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that this service will have</param> /// <param name="DisplayName">The display name that this service will have</param> /// <param name="FileName">The path to the executable of the service</param> public static void InstallAndStart(string ServiceName, string DisplayName, string FileName) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect | ServiceManagerRights.CreateService); try { string strKey = string.Empty; IntPtr service = OpenService(scman, ServiceName, ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Start); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { service = CreateService(scman, ServiceName, DisplayName, ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Start, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, ServiceBootFlag.AutoStart, ServiceError.Normal, FileName, null, IntPtr.Zero, null, null, null); ServiceLogs(ServiceName + " Installed Sucessfully.!", strPath); Console.Write(ServiceName + " Installed Sucessfully.! Do you want to Start the Service.Y/N.?"); strKey=Console.ReadLine(); } if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { ServiceLogs("Failed to install service.", strPath); throw new ApplicationException("Failed to install service."); } try { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strKey) && (strKey.StartsWith("y") || strKey.StartsWith("Y"))) { StartService(service); ServiceLogs(ServiceName + " Started Sucessfully.!", strPath); Console.Write(ServiceName + " Started Sucessfully.!"); Console.Read(); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(service); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Takes a service name and starts it /// </summary> /// <param name="Name">The service name</param> public static void StartService(string Name) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect); try { IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, Name, ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Start); if (hService == IntPtr.Zero) { ServiceLogs("Could not open service.", strPath); throw new ApplicationException("Could not open service."); } try { StartService(hService); } finally { CloseServiceHandle(hService); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Stops the provided windows service /// </summary> /// <param name="Name">The service name that will be stopped</param> public static void StopService(string Name) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect); try { IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, Name, ServiceRights.QueryStatus | ServiceRights.Stop); if (hService == IntPtr.Zero) { ServiceLogs("Could not open service.", strPath); throw new ApplicationException("Could not open service."); } try { StopService(hService); } finally { CloseServiceHandle(hService); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Stars the provided windows service /// </summary> /// <param name="hService">The handle to the windows service</param> private static void StartService(IntPtr hService) { SERVICE_STATUS status = new SERVICE_STATUS(); StartService(hService, 0, 0); WaitForServiceStatus(hService, ServiceState.Starting, ServiceState.Run); } /// <summary> /// Stops the provided windows service /// </summary> /// <param name="hService">The handle to the windows service</param> private static void StopService(IntPtr hService) { SERVICE_STATUS status = new SERVICE_STATUS(); ControlService(hService, ServiceControl.Stop, status); WaitForServiceStatus(hService, ServiceState.Stopping, ServiceState.Stop); } /// <summary> /// Takes a service name and returns the <code>ServiceState</code> of the corresponding service /// </summary> /// <param name="ServiceName">The service name that we will check for his <code>ServiceState</code></param> /// <returns>The ServiceState of the service we wanted to check</returns> public static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(string ServiceName) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights.Connect); try { IntPtr hService = OpenService(scman, ServiceName, ServiceRights.QueryStatus); if (hService == IntPtr.Zero) { return ServiceState.NotFound; } try { return GetServiceStatus(hService); } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } finally { CloseServiceHandle(scman); } } /// <summary> /// Gets the service state by using the handle of the provided windows service /// </summary> /// <param name="hService">The handle to the service</param> /// <returns>The <code>ServiceState</code> of the service</returns> private static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr hService) { SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus = new SERVICE_STATUS(); if (QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus) == 0) { ServiceLogs("Failed to query service status.", strPath); throw new ApplicationException("Failed to query service status."); } return ssStatus.dwCurrentState; } /// <summary> /// Returns true when the service status has been changes from wait status to desired status /// ,this method waits around 10 seconds for this operation. /// </summary> /// <param name="hService">The handle to the service</param> /// <param name="WaitStatus">The current state of the service</param> /// <param name="DesiredStatus">The desired state of the service</param> /// <returns>bool if the service has successfully changed states within the allowed timeline</returns> private static bool WaitForServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ServiceState WaitStatus, ServiceState DesiredStatus) { SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus = new SERVICE_STATUS(); int dwOldCheckPoint; int dwStartTickCount; QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus); if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == DesiredStatus) return true; dwStartTickCount = Environment.TickCount; dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint; while (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == WaitStatus) { // Do not wait longer than the wait hint. A good interval is // one tenth the wait hint, but no less than 1 second and no // more than 10 seconds. int dwWaitTime = ssStatus.dwWaitHint / 10; if (dwWaitTime < 1000) dwWaitTime = 1000; else if (dwWaitTime > 10000) dwWaitTime = 10000; System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dwWaitTime); // Check the status again. if (QueryServiceStatus(hService, ssStatus) == 0) break; if (ssStatus.dwCheckPoint > dwOldCheckPoint) { // The service is making progress. dwStartTickCount = Environment.TickCount; dwOldCheckPoint = ssStatus.dwCheckPoint; } else { if (Environment.TickCount - dwStartTickCount > ssStatus.dwWaitHint) { // No progress made within the wait hint break; } } } return (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == DesiredStatus); } /// <summary> /// Opens the service manager /// </summary> /// <param name="Rights">The service manager rights</param> /// <returns>the handle to the service manager</returns> private static IntPtr OpenSCManager(ServiceManagerRights Rights) { IntPtr scman = OpenSCManager(null, null, Rights); if (scman == IntPtr.Zero) { try { throw new ApplicationException("Could not connect to service control manager."); } catch (Exception ex) { } } return scman; } #endregion #region"CreateFolderStructure" private static void CreateFolderStructure(string path) { if(!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path+"Applications")) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path+ "Applications"); if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path + "Applications\\MSC")) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path + "Applications\\MSC"); if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path + "Applications\\MSC\\Agent")) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path + "Applications\\MSC\\Agent"); if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path + "Applications\\MSC\\Agent\\bin")) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path + "Applications\\MSC\\Agent\\bin"); if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(path + "Applications\\MSC\\AgentService")) System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path + "Applications\\MSC\\AgentService"); string fullPath = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath("MSCService"); if (System.IO.Directory.Exists(fullPath)) { foreach (string strFile in System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(fullPath)) { if (System.IO.File.Exists(strFile)) { String[] strArr = strFile.Split('\\'); System.IO.File.Copy(strFile, path + "Applications\\MSC\\Agent\\bin\\"+ strArr[strArr.Count()-1], true); } } } } #endregion private static void ServiceLogs(string strLogInfo, string path) { string filePath = path + "Applications\\MSC\\AgentService\\ServiceLogs.txt"; System.IO.File.AppendAllLines(filePath, (strLogInfo + "--" + DateTime.Now.ToString()).ToString().Split('|')); } } }
在Windows服务中运行像“.exe”这样的应用程序是很奇怪的，因为algorithm不是那么有效。
