什么是SQL Server中的“描述表”的等价物？
我有一个SQL Server数据库，我想知道它有什么列和types。 我宁愿通过查询来做到这一点，而不是像企业pipe理器一样使用GUI。 有没有办法做到这一点？
您可以使用sp_columns存储过程：
exec sp_columns MyTable 有几种获取关于表的元数据的方法：
EXEC sp_help @tablename
将返回几个结果集，描述表，它的列和约束。
INFORMATION_SCHEMA视图会给你你想要的信息，但不幸的是你必须查询视图并手动join。
以防万一你不想使用存储过程，这里是一个简单的查询版本
select * from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'aspnet_Membership' order by ordinal_position
使用此查询
Select * From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS Where TABLE_NAME = 'TABLENAME'
只要select表格并按下Alt + F1 ，
它会显示所有关于表的信息，如列名，数据types，键等
您可以使用以下
sp_help tablename
示例：sp_help Customer
请使用下面的sql查询; 这工作我的情况。
select * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns where table_name = 'tablename';
我在t-sql中写了一个sql * plus DESC（RIBE），像select（显示列注释）：
USE YourDB GO DECLARE @objectName NVARCHAR(128) = 'YourTable'; SELECT a.[NAME] ,a.[TYPE] ,a.[CHARSET] ,a.[COLLATION] ,a.[NULLABLE] ,a.[DEFAULT] ,b.[COMMENTS] -- ,a.[ORDINAL_POSITION] FROM ( SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME] ,CASE DATA_TYPE WHEN 'char' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')' WHEN 'numeric' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + ', ' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + ')' WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')' WHEN 'varbinary' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')' WHEN 'varchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')' ELSE DATA_TYPE END AS [TYPE] ,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET] ,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION] ,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE] ,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT] ,ORDINAL_POSITION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = @objectName ) a FULL JOIN ( SELECT CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS] ,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME] FROM ::fn_listextendedproperty ('MS_Description', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', @objectName, 'column', default) ) b ON a.NAME COLLATE YourCollation = b.NAME COLLATE YourCollation ORDER BY a.[ORDINAL_POSITION];
上面提到的select可以用在标记为存储过程的系统中，并且可以通过简单的方式从实例的任何数据库中调用：
USE master; GO IF OBJECT_ID('sp_desc', 'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE sp_desc GO CREATE PROCEDURE sp_desc ( @tableName nvarchar(128) ) AS BEGIN DECLARE @dbName sysname; DECLARE @schemaName sysname; DECLARE @objectName sysname; DECLARE @objectID int; DECLARE @tmpTableName varchar(100); DECLARE @sqlCmd nvarchar(4000); SELECT @dbName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 3); IF @dbName IS NULL SELECT @dbName = DB_NAME(); SELECT @schemaName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 2); IF @schemaName IS NULL SELECT @schemaName = SCHEMA_NAME(); SELECT @objectName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 1); IF @objectName IS NULL BEGIN PRINT 'Object is missing from your function call!'; RETURN; END; SELECT @objectID = OBJECT_ID(@dbName + '.' + @schemaName + '.' + @objectName); IF @objectID IS NULL BEGIN PRINT 'Object [' + @dbName + '].[' + @schemaName + '].[' + @objectName + '] does not exist!'; RETURN; END; SELECT @tmpTableName = '#tmp_DESC_' + CAST(@@SPID AS VARCHAR) + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CAST(CONVERT(CHAR, GETDATE(), 121) AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), ' ', ''), ':', ''), '.', ''); --PRINT @tmpTableName; SET @sqlCmd = ' USE ' + @dbName + ' CREATE TABLE ' + @tmpTableName + ' ( [NAME] nvarchar(128) NOT NULL ,[TYPE] varchar(50) ,[CHARSET] varchar(50) ,[COLLATION] varchar(50) ,[NULLABLE] varchar(3) ,[DEFAULT] nvarchar(4000) ,[COMMENTS] nvarchar(3750)); INSERT INTO ' + @tmpTableName + ' SELECT a.[NAME] ,a.[TYPE] ,a.[CHARSET] ,a.[COLLATION] ,a.[NULLABLE] ,a.[DEFAULT] ,b.[COMMENTS] FROM ( SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME] ,CASE DATA_TYPE WHEN ''char'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')'' WHEN ''numeric'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + '', '' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + '')'' WHEN ''nvarchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')'' WHEN ''varbinary'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')'' WHEN ''varchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')'' ELSE DATA_TYPE END AS [TYPE] ,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET] ,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION] ,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE] ,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT] ,ORDINAL_POSITION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = ''' + @objectName + ''' ) a FULL JOIN ( SELECT CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS] ,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME] FROM ::fn_listextendedproperty (''MS_Description'', ''user'', ''' + @schemaName + ''', ''table'', ''' + @objectName + ''', ''column'', default) ) b ON a.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS = b.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS ORDER BY a.[ORDINAL_POSITION]; SELECT * FROM ' + @tmpTableName + ';' --PRINT @sqlCmd; EXEC sp_executesql @sqlCmd; RETURN; END; GO EXEC sys.sp_MS_marksystemobject sp_desc GO
要执行过程types：
EXEC sp_desc 'YourDB.YourSchema.YourTable';
如果你想得到一个描述当前数据库（和模式）简单types的对象：
EXEC sp_desc 'YourTable';
由于sp_desc是一个系统标记的过程，所以你甚至可以离开exec命令（不推荐）：
sp_desc 'YourTable';
这是我在EntityFramework Reverse POCO Generator （ 在这里可用）中使用的代码，
表SQL：
SELECT c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS SchemaName, c.TABLE_NAME AS TableName, t.TABLE_TYPE AS TableType, c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS Ordinal, c.COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName, CAST(CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE = 'YES' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS BIT) AS IsNullable, DATA_TYPE AS TypeName, ISNULL(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, 0) AS [MaxLength], CAST(ISNULL(NUMERIC_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS [Precision], ISNULL(COLUMN_DEFAULT, '') AS [Default], CAST(ISNULL(DATETIME_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS DateTimePrecision, ISNULL(NUMERIC_SCALE, 0) AS Scale, CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') AS BIT) AS IsIdentity, CAST(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN 1 WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') = 1 THEN 1 WHEN DATA_TYPE = 'TIMESTAMP' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS BIT) AS IsStoreGenerated, CAST(CASE WHEN pk.ORDINAL_POSITION IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS BIT) AS PrimaryKey, ISNULL(pk.ORDINAL_POSITION, 0) PrimaryKeyOrdinal, CAST(CASE WHEN fk.COLUMN_NAME IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS BIT) AS IsForeignKey FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT u.TABLE_SCHEMA, u.TABLE_NAME, u.COLUMN_NAME, u.ORDINAL_POSITION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY') pk ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = pk.TABLE_SCHEMA AND c.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME AND c.COLUMN_NAME = pk.COLUMN_NAME LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT u.TABLE_SCHEMA, u.TABLE_NAME, u.COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY') fk ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = fk.TABLE_SCHEMA AND c.TABLE_NAME = fk.TABLE_NAME AND c.COLUMN_NAME = fk.COLUMN_NAME INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = t.TABLE_SCHEMA AND c.TABLE_NAME = t.TABLE_NAME WHERE c.TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('EdmMetadata', '__MigrationHistory')
外键SQL：
SELECT FK.name AS FK_Table, FkCol.name AS FK_Column, PK.name AS PK_Table, PkCol.name AS PK_Column, OBJECT_NAME(f.object_id) AS Constraint_Name, SCHEMA_NAME(FK.schema_id) AS fkSchema, SCHEMA_NAME(PK.schema_id) AS pkSchema, PkCol.name AS primarykey, k.constraint_column_id AS ORDINAL_POSITION FROM sys.objects AS PK INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS f INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS k ON k.constraint_object_id = f.object_id INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON f.referenced_object_id = i.object_id AND f.key_index_id = i.index_id ON PK.object_id = f.referenced_object_id INNER JOIN sys.objects AS FK ON f.parent_object_id = FK.object_id INNER JOIN sys.columns AS PkCol ON f.referenced_object_id = PkCol.object_id AND k.referenced_column_id = PkCol.column_id INNER JOIN sys.columns AS FkCol ON f.parent_object_id = FkCol.object_id AND k.parent_column_id = FkCol.column_id ORDER BY FK_Table, FK_Column
扩展属性：
SELECT s.name AS [schema], t.name AS [table], c.name AS [column], value AS [property] FROM sys.extended_properties AS ep INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t ON ep.major_id = t.object_id INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c ON ep.major_id = c.object_id AND ep.minor_id = c.column_id WHERE class = 1 ORDER BY t.name
除了其他答案中显示的方式之外，您可以使用
'SELECT TOP 0 * FROM table_name'
这将给你每个列的名称，没有结果，并以最小的开销几乎立即完成。
这些答案的问题是，你错过了关键的信息。 虽然这有点麻烦，但这是我想出的一个快速版本，以确保它包含MySQL Describe显示的相同信息。
Select SC.name AS 'Field', ISC.DATA_TYPE AS 'Type', ISC.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS 'Length', SC.IS_NULLABLE AS 'Null', I.is_primary_key AS 'Key', SC.is_identity AS 'Identity' From sys.columns AS SC LEFT JOIN sys.index_columns AS IC ON IC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND IC.column_id = SC.column_id LEFT JOIN sys.indexes AS I ON I.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND IC.index_id = I.index_id LEFT JOIN information_schema.columns ISC ON ISC.TABLE_NAME = 'Expenses' AND ISC.COLUMN_NAME = SC.name WHERE SC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses')
您可以使用sp_help'TableName'
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[describe] ( @SearchStr nvarchar(max) ) AS BEGIN SELECT CONCAT([COLUMN_NAME],' ',[DATA_TYPE],' ',[CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH],' ', (SELECT CASE [IS_NULLABLE] WHEN 'NO' THEN 'NOT NULL' ELSE 'NULL' END), (SELECT CASE WHEN [COLUMN_DEFAULT] IS NULL THEN '' ELSE CONCAT(' DEFAULT ',[COLUMN_DEFAULT]) END) ) AS DESCRIPTION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE @SearchStr END
