Rails 4多个图像或file upload使用载波
如何使用Rails 4和CarrierWave从文件select窗口上传多个图像? 我有一个post_controller
和post_attachments
模型。 我该怎么做?
有人可以提供一个例子吗? 有一个简单的方法呢?
这是从头开始在rails 4中使用carrierwave上传多个图像的解决scheme
或者你可以find工作演示: 多个附件导轨4
只要按照这些步骤。
rails new multiple_image_upload_carrierwave
在gem文件中
gem 'carrierwave' bundle install rails generate uploader Avatar
创build后脚手架
rails generate scaffold post title:string
创buildpost_attachment脚手架
rails generate scaffold post_attachment post_id:integer avatar:string rake db:migrate
在post.rb中
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :post_attachments accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments end
在post_attachment.rb
class PostAttachment < ActiveRecord::Base mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader belongs_to :post end
在post_controller.rb中
def show @post_attachments = @post.post_attachments.all end def new @post = Post.new @post_attachment = @post.post_attachments.build end def create @post = Post.new(post_params) respond_to do |format| if @post.save params[:post_attachments]['avatar'].each do |a| @post_attachment = @post.post_attachments.create!(:avatar => a) end format.html { redirect_to @post, notice: 'Post was successfully created.' } else format.html { render action: 'new' } end end end private def post_params params.require(:post).permit(:title, post_attachments_attributes: [:id, :post_id, :avatar]) end
在views / posts / _form.html.erb中
<%= form_for(@post, :html => { :multipart => true }) do |f| %> <div class="field"> <%= f.label :title %><br> <%= f.text_field :title %> </div> <%= f.fields_for :post_attachments do |p| %> <div class="field"> <%= p.label :avatar %><br> <%= p.file_field :avatar, :multiple => true, name: "post_attachments[avatar][]" %> </div> <% end %> <div class="actions"> <%= f.submit %> </div> <% end %>
编辑任何post的附件和附件列表。 在views / posts / show.html.erb
<p id="notice"><%= notice %></p> <p> <strong>Title:</strong> <%= @post.title %> </p> <% @post_attachments.each do |p| %> <%= image_tag p.avatar_url %> <%= link_to "Edit Attachment", edit_post_attachment_path(p) %> <% end %> <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_post_path(@post) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', posts_path %>
更新表单以编辑附件views / post_attachments / _form.html.erb
<%= image_tag @post_attachment.avatar %> <%= form_for(@post_attachment) do |f| %> <div class="field"> <%= f.label :avatar %><br> <%= f.file_field :avatar %> </div> <div class="actions"> <%= f.submit %> </div> <% end %>
修改post_attachment_controller.rb中的更新方法
def update respond_to do |format| if @post_attachment.update(post_attachment_params) format.html { redirect_to @post_attachment.post, notice: 'Post attachment was successfully updated.' } end end end
在rails 3中,不需要定义强参数,因为您可以在model中定义attribute_accessible,在post_model中定义accept_nested_attribute,因为在rails 4中不推荐使用可访问属性。
对于编辑附件,我们不能一次修改所有的附件。 所以我们会逐个replace附件,或者您可以按照您的规则进行修改,下面我将向您介绍如何更新附件。
如果我们看一下CarrierWave的文档,现在其实很简单。
https://github.com/carrierwaveuploader/carrierwave/blob/master/README.md#multiple-file-uploads
作为示例,我将使用Product作为我想添加图片的模型。
-
获取主分支Carrierwave并将其添加到您的Gemfile中:
gem 'carrierwave', github:'carrierwaveuploader/carrierwave'
-
在预期模型中创build一个列来托pipe一组图像:
rails generate migration AddPicturesToProducts pictures:json
-
运行迁移
bundle exec rake db:migrate
-
添加图片到模型产品
app/models/product.rb class Product < ActiveRecord::Base validates :name, presence: true mount_uploaders :pictures, PictureUploader end
-
在ProductsController中将图片添加到强参数
app/controllers/products_controller.rb def product_params params.require(:product).permit(:name, pictures: []) end
-
允许您的表单接受多张图片
app/views/products/new.html.erb # notice 'html: { multipart: true }' <%= form_for @product, html: { multipart: true } do |f| %> <%= f.label :name %> <%= f.text_field :name %> # notice 'multiple: true' <%= f.label :pictures %> <%= f.file_field :pictures, multiple: true, accept: "image/jpeg, image/jpg, image/gif, image/png" %> <%= f.submit "Submit" %> <% end %>
-
在你的视图中,你可以引用parsing图片数组的图片:
@product.pictures[1].url
如果您从文件夹中select多个图像,则顺序将按照从上到下的顺序排列。
此外,我想出了如何更新多个file upload,我也重构了一下。 这个代码是我的,但你得到的漂移。
def create @motherboard = Motherboard.new(motherboard_params) if @motherboard.save save_attachments if params[:motherboard_attachments] redirect_to @motherboard, notice: 'Motherboard was successfully created.' else render :new end end def update update_attachments if params[:motherboard_attachments] if @motherboard.update(motherboard_params) redirect_to @motherboard, notice: 'Motherboard was successfully updated.' else render :edit end end private def save_attachments params[:motherboard_attachments]['photo'].each do |photo| @motherboard_attachment = @motherboard.motherboard_attachments.create!(:photo => photo) end end def update_attachments @motherboard.motherboard_attachments.each(&:destroy) if @motherboard.motherboard_attachments.present? params[:motherboard_attachments]['photo'].each do |photo| @motherboard_attachment = @motherboard.motherboard_attachments.create!(:photo => photo) end end
对SSR答案的一些小的补充:
accept_nested_attributes_for不要求您更改父对象的控制器。 所以如果要纠正
name: "post_attachments[avatar][]"
至
name: "post[post_attachments_attributes][][avatar]"
那么所有这些控制器的变化就变得多余了:
params[:post_attachments]['avatar'].each do |a| @post_attachment = @post.post_attachments.create!(:avatar => a) end
你也应该添加PostAttachment.new
到父对象的forms:
在views / posts / _form.html.erb中
<%= f.fields_for :post_attachments, PostAttachment.new do |ff| %> <div class="field"> <%= ff.label :avatar %><br> <%= ff.file_field :avatar, :multiple => true, name: "post[post_attachments_attributes][][avatar]" %> </div> <% end %>
这会使得父母的控制者重复这个改变:
@post_attachment = @post.post_attachments.build
欲了解更多信息,请参阅Rails fields_for窗体不显示,嵌套窗体
如果你使用Rails 5,那么由于accept_nested_attributes_for内部的一个bug,否则Rails.application.config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default
值会从true
更改为false
(在config / initializers / new_framework_defaults.rb中)(否则accept_nested_attributes_for在Rails 5下通常不起作用) 。
编辑1:
要添加有关摧毁 :
在models / post.rb中
class Post < ApplicationRecord ... accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments, allow_destroy: true end
在views / posts / _form.html.erb中
<% f.object.post_attachments.each do |post_attachment| %> <% if post_attachment.id %> <% post_attachments_delete_params = { post: { post_attachments_attributes: { id: post_attachment.id, _destroy: true } } } %> <%= link_to "Delete", post_path(f.object.id, post_attachments_delete_params), method: :patch, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %> <br><br> <% end %> <% end %>
这样你根本就不需要有一个子对象的控制器! 我的意思是不再需要任何PostAttachmentsController
。 至于父对象的控制器( PostController
),你也几乎不会改变它 – 你在那里改变的唯一的东西是白名单PostController
的列表(包括子对象相关的参数),像这样:
def post_params params.require(:post).permit(:title, :text, post_attachments_attributes: ["avatar", "@original_filename", "@content_type", "@headers", "_destroy", "id"]) end
这就是为什么accepts_nested_attributes_for
如此惊人。
这是我的第二个重构模型:
- 将私有方法移至模型。
- 用自己replace@motherboard。
控制器:
def create @motherboard = Motherboard.new(motherboard_params) if @motherboard.save @motherboard.save_attachments(params) if params[:motherboard_attachments] redirect_to @motherboard, notice: 'Motherboard was successfully created.' else render :new end end def update @motherboard.update_attachments(params) if params[:motherboard_attachments] if @motherboard.update(motherboard_params) redirect_to @motherboard, notice: 'Motherboard was successfully updated.' else render :edit end end
在主板型号中:
def save_attachments(params) params[:motherboard_attachments]['photo'].each do |photo| self.motherboard_attachments.create!(:photo => photo) end end def update_attachments(params) self.motherboard_attachments.each(&:destroy) if self.motherboard_attachments.present? params[:motherboard_attachments]['photo'].each do |photo| self.motherboard_attachments.create!(:photo => photo) end end
使用association @post.post_attachments
时,不需要设置post_id
。