我怎样才能用Python打印ASCII表格？
我正在寻找一个Python库来打印这样的表格：
======================= | column 1 | column 2 | ======================= | value1 | value2 | | value3 | value4 | ======================= 我发现asciitable，但它不会做边界等。我不需要任何复杂的数据项格式，他们只是string。 我确实需要它来自动调整列的大小。
这样的事情是否存在，还是我需要花几分钟的时间写我自己的？
这是我写的一个快速和肮脏的小函数，用于显示我只能通过SOAP API进行的SQL查询的结果。 它期望input一个或多个namedtuples序列作为表格行。 如果只有一条logging，则将其打印出来。
这对我来说很方便，可以成为你的起点：
def pprinttable(rows): if len(rows) > 1: headers = rows[0]._fields lens = [] for i in range(len(rows[0])): lens.append(len(max([x[i] for x in rows] + [headers[i]],key=lambda x:len(str(x))))) formats = [] hformats = [] for i in range(len(rows[0])): if isinstance(rows[0][i], int): formats.append("%%%dd" % lens[i]) else: formats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i]) hformats.append("%%-%ds" % lens[i]) pattern = " | ".join(formats) hpattern = " | ".join(hformats) separator = "-+-".join(['-' * n for n in lens]) print hpattern % tuple(headers) print separator _u = lambda t: t.decode('UTF-8', 'replace') if isinstance(t, str) else t for line in rows: print pattern % tuple(_u(t) for t in line) elif len(rows) == 1: row = rows[0] hwidth = len(max(row._fields,key=lambda x: len(x))) for i in range(len(row)): print "%*s = %s" % (hwidth,row._fields[i],row[i])
示例输出：
pkid | fkn | NPI ------------------------------------- + ------------ -------------------------- + ---- 405fd665-0a2f-4f69-7320-be01201752ec | 8c9949b9-552e-e448-64e2-74292834c73e | 0 5b517507-2a42-ad2e-98dc-8c9ac6152afa | f972bee7-f5a4-8532-c4e5-2e82897b10f6 | 0 2f960dfc-b67a-26be-d1b3-9b105535e0a8 | ec3e1058-8840-c9f2-3b25-2488f8b3a8af | 1 c71b28a3-5299-7f4d-f27a-7ad8aeadafe0 | 72d25703-4735-310b-2e06-ff76af1e45ed | 0 3b0a5021-a52b-9ba0-1439-d5aafcf348e7 | d81bb78a-d984-e957-034d-87434acb4e97 | 1 96c36bb7-c4f4-2787-ada8-4aadc17d1123 | c171fe85-33e2-6481-0791-2922267e8777 | 1 95d0f85f-71da-bb9a-2d80-fe27f7c02fe2 | 226f964c-028d-d6de-bf6c-688d2908c5ae | 1 132aa774-42e5-3d3f-498b-50b44a89d401 | 44e31f89-d089-8afc-f4b1-ada051c01474 | 1 ff91641a-5802-be02-bece-79bca993fdbc | 33d8294a-053d-6ab4-94d4-890b47fcf70d | 1 f3196e15-5b61-e92d-e717-f00ed93fe8ae | 62fa4566-5ca2-4a36-f872-4d00f7abadcf | 1
例
>>> from collections import namedtuple >>> Row = namedtuple('Row',['first','second','third']) >>> data = Row(1,2,3) >>> data Row(first=1, second=2, third=3) >>> pprinttable([data]) first = 1 second = 2 third = 3 >>> pprinttable([data,data]) first | second | third ------+--------+------ 1 | 2 | 3 1 | 2 | 3
我很久以前就读过这个问题，写完了我自己的漂亮的打印机： tabulate 。
我的用例是：
- 大部分时间我都想要一个单线
- 这是足够聪明的，以为我find最好的格式
- 并可以输出不同的纯文本格式
根据你的例子， grid可能是最相似的输出格式：
from tabulate import tabulate print tabulate([["value1", "value2"], ["value3", "value4"]], ["column 1", "column 2"], tablefmt="grid") +------------+------------+ | column 1 | column 2 | +============+============+ | value1 | value2 | +------------+------------+ | value3 | value4 | +------------+------------+
其他支持的格式是plain （无行）， simple （Pandoc简单表）， pipe （比如PHP Markdown Extra中的表）， orgtbl （比如Emacs的org模式下的表）， rst （像reStructuredText中的简单表）。 grid和orgtbl在Emacs中很容易编辑。
性能方面， tabulate比稍微慢一些，但比PrettyTable和texttable 。
PS我也是一个十进制列alignment数字的粉丝。 所以这是数字的默认alignment方式，如果有（可重写）。
好的老线程，但最好的，我已经find了这个Prettytable …有更好的？
出于某种原因，当我在我的谷歌search中包括“docutils”时，我偶然发现了texttable ，这似乎是我正在寻找的。
我也写了我自己的解决scheme。 我试图保持简单。
https://github.com/Robpol86/terminaltables
from terminaltables import AsciiTable table_data = [ ['Heading1', 'Heading2'], ['row1 column1', 'row1 column2'], ['row2 column1', 'row2 column2'] ] table = AsciiTable(table_data) print table.table +--------------+--------------+ | Heading1 | Heading2 | +--------------+--------------+ | row1 column1 | row1 column2 | | row2 column1 | row2 column2 | +--------------+--------------+ table.inner_heading_row_border = False print table.table +--------------+--------------+ | Heading1 | Heading2 | | row1 column1 | row1 column2 | | row2 column1 | row2 column2 | +--------------+--------------+ table.inner_row_border = True table.justify_columns[1] = 'right' table.table_data[1][1] += '\nnewline' print table.table +--------------+--------------+ | Heading1 | Heading2 | +--------------+--------------+ | row1 column1 | row1 column2 | | | newline | +--------------+--------------+ | row2 column1 | row2 column2 | +--------------+--------------+
使用w3m的版本devise来处理MattH版本接受的types：
import subprocess import tempfile import html def pprinttable(rows): esc = lambda x: html.escape(str(x)) sour = "<table border=1>" if len(rows) == 1: for i in range(len(rows[0]._fields)): sour += "<tr><th>%s<td>%s" % (esc(rows[0]._fields[i]), esc(rows[0][i])) else: sour += "<tr>" + "".join(["<th>%s" % esc(x) for x in rows[0]._fields]) sour += "".join(["<tr>%s" % "".join(["<td>%s" % esc(y) for y in x]) for x in rows]) with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".html") as f: f.write(sour.encode("utf-8")) f.flush() print( subprocess .Popen(["w3m","-dump",f.name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) .communicate()[0].decode("utf-8").strip() ) from collections import namedtuple Row = namedtuple('Row',['first','second','third']) data1 = Row(1,2,3) data2 = Row(4,5,6) pprinttable([data1]) pprinttable([data1,data2])
结果是：
┌───────┬─┐ │ first │1│ ├───────┼─┤ │second │2│ ├───────┼─┤ │ third │3│ └───────┴─┘ ┌─────┬───────┬─────┐ │first│second │third│ ├─────┼───────┼─────┤ │1 │2 │3 │ ├─────┼───────┼─────┤ │4 │5 │6 │ └─────┴───────┴─────┘
我知道这个问题有点老，但这是我的尝试：
https://gist.github.com/lonetwin/4721748
这是一个更可读的恕我直言（虽然它不区分单/多行像马特的解决scheme，也没有使用NamedTuples）。
我使用这个小实用function。
def get_pretty_table(iterable, header): max_len = [len(x) for x in header] for row in iterable: row = [row] if type(row) not in (list, tuple) else row for index, col in enumerate(row): if max_len[index] < len(str(col)): max_len[index] = len(str(col)) output = '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n' output += '|' + ''.join([h + ' ' * (l - len(h)) + '|' for h, l in zip(header, max_len)]) + '\n' output += '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n' for row in iterable: row = [row] if type(row) not in (list, tuple) else row output += '|' + ''.join([str(c) + ' ' * (l - len(str(c))) + '|' for c, l in zip(row, max_len)]) + '\n' output += '-' * (sum(max_len) + 1) + '\n' return output print get_pretty_table([[1, 2], [3, 4]], ['header 1', 'header 2'])
产量
----------------- |header 1|header 2| ----------------- |1 |2 | |3 |4 | -----------------
如果你想要一个列和行跨度的表，然后尝试我的库dashtable
from dashtable import data2rst table = [ ["Header 1", "Header 2", "Header3", "Header 4"], ["row 1", "column 2", "column 3", "column 4"], ["row 2", "Cells span columns.", "", ""], ["row 3", "Cells\nspan rows.", "- Cells\n- contain\n- blocks", ""], ["row 4", "", "", ""] ] # [Row, Column] pairs of merged cells span0 = ([2, 1], [2, 2], [2, 3]) span1 = ([3, 1], [4, 1]) span2 = ([3, 3], [3, 2], [4, 2], [4, 3]) my_spans = [span0, span1, span2] print(data2rst(table, spans=my_spans, use_headers=True))
哪些产出：
+----------+------------+----------+----------+ | Header 1 | Header 2 | Header3 | Header 4 | +==========+============+==========+==========+ | row 1 | column 2 | column 3 | column 4 | +----------+------------+----------+----------+ | row 2 | Cells span columns. | +----------+----------------------------------+ | row 3 | Cells | - Cells | +----------+ span rows. | - contain | | row 4 | | - blocks | +----------+------------+---------------------+
你可以试试BeautifulTable 。 它做你想做的事情。 这里是它的文档的一个例子
>>> from beautifultable import BeautifulTable >>> table = BeautifulTable() >>> table.column_headers = ["name", "rank", "gender"] >>> table.append_row(["Jacob", 1, "boy"]) >>> table.append_row(["Isabella", 1, "girl"]) >>> table.append_row(["Ethan", 2, "boy"]) >>> table.append_row(["Sophia", 2, "girl"]) >>> table.append_row(["Michael", 3, "boy"]) >>> print(table) +----------+------+--------+ | name | rank | gender | +----------+------+--------+ | Jacob | 1 | boy | +----------+------+--------+ | Isabella | 1 | girl | +----------+------+--------+ | Ethan | 2 | boy | +----------+------+--------+ | Sophia | 2 | girl | +----------+------+--------+ | Michael | 3 | boy | +----------+------+--------+
这是我的解决scheme：
def make_table(columns, data): """Create an ASCII table and return it as a string. Pass a list of strings to use as columns in the table and a list of dicts. The strings in 'columns' will be used as the keys to the dicts in 'data.' Not all column values have to be present in each data dict. >>> print(make_table(["a", "b"], [{"a": "1", "b": "test"}])) | a | b | |----------| | 1 | test | """ # Calculate how wide each cell needs to be cell_widths = {} for c in columns: values = [str(d.get(c, "")) for d in data] cell_widths[c] = len(max(values + [c])) # Used for formatting rows of data row_template = "|" + " {} |" * len(columns) # CONSTRUCT THE TABLE # The top row with the column titles justified_column_heads = [c.ljust(cell_widths[c]) for c in columns] header = row_template.format(*justified_column_heads) # The second row contains separators sep = "|" + "-" * (len(header) - 2) + "|" # Rows of data rows = [] for d in data: fields = [str(d.get(c, "")).ljust(cell_widths[c]) for c in columns] row = row_template.format(*fields) rows.append(row) return "\n".join([header, sep] + rows)
这可以通过使用列表和stringparsing相当紧凑的内置模块来完成。 接受所有相同格式的字典列表…
def tableit(dictlist): lengths = [ max(map(lambda x:len(x.get(k)), dictlist) + [len(k)]) for k in dictlist[0].keys() ] lenstr = " | ".join("{:<%s}" % m for m in lengths) lenstr += "\n" outmsg = lenstr.format(*dictlist[0].keys()) outmsg += "-" * (sum(lengths) + 3*len(lengths)) outmsg += "\n" outmsg += "".join( lenstr.format(*v) for v in [ item.values() for item in dictlist ] ) return outmsg
from sys import stderr, stdout def create_table(table: dict, full_row: bool = False) -> None: min_len = len(min((v for v in table.values()), key=lambda q: len(q))) max_len = len(max((v for v in table.values()), key=lambda q: len(q))) if min_len < max_len: stderr.write("Table is out of shape, please make sure all columns have the same length.") stderr.flush() return additional_spacing = 1 heading_separator = '| ' horizontal_split = '| ' rc_separator = '' key_list = list(table.keys()) rc_len_values = [] for key in key_list: rc_len = len(max((v for v in table[key]), key=lambda q: len(str(q)))) rc_len_values += ([rc_len, [key]] for n in range(len(table[key]))) heading_line = (key + (" " * (rc_len + (additional_spacing + 1)))) + heading_separator stdout.write(heading_line) rc_separator += ("-" * (len(key) + (rc_len + (additional_spacing + 1)))) + '+-' if key is key_list[-1]: stdout.flush() stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n') value_list = [v for vl in table.values() for v in vl] aligned_data_offset = max_len row_count = len(key_list) next_idx = 0 newline_indicator = 0 iterations = 0 for n in range(len(value_list)): key = rc_len_values[next_idx][1][0] rc_len = rc_len_values[next_idx][0] line = ('{:{}} ' + " " * len(key)).format(value_list[next_idx], str(rc_len + additional_spacing)) + horizontal_split if next_idx >= (len(value_list) - aligned_data_offset): next_idx = iterations + 1 iterations += 1 else: next_idx += aligned_data_offset if newline_indicator >= row_count: if full_row: stdout.flush() stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n') else: stdout.flush() stdout.write('\n') newline_indicator = 0 stdout.write(line) newline_indicator += 1 stdout.write('\n' + rc_separator + '\n') stdout.flush()
例：
table = { "uid": ["0", "1", "2", "3"], "name": ["Jon", "Doe", "Lemma", "Hemma"] } create_table(table)
输出：
uid | name | ------+------------+- 0 | Jon | 1 | Doe | 2 | Lemma | 3 | Hemma | ------+------------+-
