在PyQt应用程序中embeddedIPython Qt控制台
我想在我正在使用的PyQt应用程序中embedded一个IPython qt控制台小部件。 下面提供的代码（并从https://stackoverflow.com/a/9796491/1332492改编）为IPython v0.12完成此操作。 但是，这会在IPython v0.13的self.heartbeat.start()和RuntimeError: threads can only be started once行中崩溃RuntimeError: threads can only be started once 。 注释掉这行代码会popup小部件，但不会响应用户input。
有谁知道如何实现IPython v0.13的等效function？
""" Adapted from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9796491/1332492 """ import os import atexit from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error from PyQt4 import QtCore class IPythonLocalKernelApp(IPKernelApp): DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS = [''] @catch_config_error def initialize(self, argv=None): super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).initialize(argv) self.kernel.eventloop = self.loop_qt4_nonblocking def loop_qt4_nonblocking(self, kernel): """Non-blocking version of the ipython qt4 kernel loop""" kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer() kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration) kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval) def start(self, argv=DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS): """Starts IPython kernel app argv: arguments passed to kernel """ self.initialize(argv) self.heartbeat.start() if self.poller is not None: self.poller.start() self.kernel.start() class IPythonConsoleQtWidget(RichIPythonWidget): _connection_file = None def __init__(self, *args, **kw): RichIPythonWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kw) self._existing = True self._may_close = False self._confirm_exit = False def _init_kernel_manager(self): km = QtKernelManager(connection_file=self._connection_file, config=self.config) km.load_connection_file() km.start_channels(hb=self._heartbeat) self.kernel_manager = km atexit.register(self.kernel_manager.cleanup_connection_file) def connect_kernel(self, connection_file, heartbeat=False): self._heartbeat = heartbeat if os.path.exists(connection_file): self._connection_file = connection_file else: self._connection_file = find_connection_file(connection_file) self._init_kernel_manager() def main(**kwargs): kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance() kernelapp.start() widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.connection_file) widget.show() return widget if __name__ == "__main__": from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication app = QApplication(['']) main() app.exec_()
回溯到v0.13
RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /Users/beaumont/terminal.py in <module>() 80 from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication 81 app = QApplication(['']) ---> 82 main() global main = <function main at 0x106d0c848> 83 app.exec_() /Users/beaumont/terminal.py in main(**kwargs={}) 69 def main(**kwargs): 70 kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance() ---> 71 kernelapp.start() kernelapp.start = <bound method IPythonLocalKernelApp.start of <__main__.IPythonLocalKernelApp object at 0x106d10590>> 72 73 widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() /Users/beaumont/terminal.py in start(self=<__main__.IPythonLocalKernelApp object>, argv=['']) 33 """ 34 self.initialize(argv) ---> 35 self.heartbeat.start() self.heartbeat.start = <bound method Heartbeat.start of <Heartbeat(Thread-1, started daemon 4458577920)>> 36 37 if self.poller is not None: /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.pyc in start(self=<Heartbeat(Thread-1, started daemon 4458577920)>) 487 raise RuntimeError("thread.__init__() not called") 488 if self.__started.is_set(): --> 489 raise RuntimeError("threads can only be started once") global RuntimeError = undefined 490 if __debug__: 491 self._note("%s.start(): starting thread", self) RuntimeError: threads can only be started once
好的，这段代码看起来有效（也就是说，它将一个非阻塞的ipython解释器放在一个Qt小部件中，可以embedded到其他小部件中）。 传递给terminal_widget关键字被添加到小部件的名称空间中
import atexit from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget from IPython.utils.traitlets import TraitError from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore def event_loop(kernel): kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer() kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration) kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval) def default_kernel_app(): app = IPKernelApp.instance() app.initialize(['python', '--pylab=qt']) app.kernel.eventloop = event_loop return app def default_manager(kernel): connection_file = find_connection_file(kernel.connection_file) manager = QtKernelManager(connection_file=connection_file) manager.load_connection_file() manager.start_channels() atexit.register(manager.cleanup_connection_file) return manager def console_widget(manager): try: # Ipython v0.13 widget = RichIPythonWidget(gui_completion='droplist') except TraitError: # IPython v0.12 widget = RichIPythonWidget(gui_completion=True) widget.kernel_manager = manager return widget def terminal_widget(**kwargs): kernel_app = default_kernel_app() manager = default_manager(kernel_app) widget = console_widget(manager) #update namespace kernel_app.shell.user_ns.update(kwargs) kernel_app.start() return widget app = QtGui.QApplication([]) widget = terminal_widget(testing=123) widget.show() app.exec_()
@ChrisB接受的答案对于IPython版本0.13是好的，但它不适用于更新的版本。 从github上的IPython内核库的例子部分 ， 这是在v1.x +（目前使用4.0.1进行testing）中的方式，它具有控制台和内核在同一进程中的function。
下面是一个基于官方的例子，它提供了一个可以方便地插入应用程序的便利类。 它设置为在Python 2.7上使用pyqt4和IPython 4.0.1：
（注意：你需要安装ipykernel和qtconsole软件包）
# Set the QT API to PyQt4 import os os.environ['QT_API'] = 'pyqt' import sip sip.setapi("QString", 2) sip.setapi("QVariant", 2) from PyQt4.QtGui import * # Import the console machinery from ipython from qtconsole.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget from qtconsole.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager from IPython.lib import guisupport class QIPythonWidget(RichIPythonWidget): """ Convenience class for a live IPython console widget. We can replace the standard banner using the customBanner argument""" def __init__(self,customBanner=None,*args,**kwargs): if not customBanner is None: self.banner=customBanner super(QIPythonWidget, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.kernel_manager = kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager() kernel_manager.start_kernel() kernel_manager.kernel.gui = 'qt4' self.kernel_client = kernel_client = self._kernel_manager.client() kernel_client.start_channels() def stop(): kernel_client.stop_channels() kernel_manager.shutdown_kernel() guisupport.get_app_qt4().exit() self.exit_requested.connect(stop) def pushVariables(self,variableDict): """ Given a dictionary containing name / value pairs, push those variables to the IPython console widget """ self.kernel_manager.kernel.shell.push(variableDict) def clearTerminal(self): """ Clears the terminal """ self._control.clear() def printText(self,text): """ Prints some plain text to the console """ self._append_plain_text(text) def executeCommand(self,command): """ Execute a command in the frame of the console widget """ self._execute(command,False) class ExampleWidget(QWidget): """ Main GUI Widget including a button and IPython Console widget inside vertical layout """ def __init__(self, parent=None): super(ExampleWidget, self).__init__(parent) layout = QVBoxLayout(self) self.button = QPushButton('Another widget') ipyConsole = QIPythonWidget(customBanner="Welcome to the embedded ipython console\n") layout.addWidget(self.button) layout.addWidget(ipyConsole) # This allows the variable foo and method print_process_id to be accessed from the ipython console ipyConsole.pushVariables({"foo":43,"print_process_id":print_process_id}) ipyConsole.printText("The variable 'foo' and the method 'print_process_id()' are available. Use the 'whos' command for information.") def print_process_id(): print 'Process ID is:', os.getpid() def main(): app = QApplication([]) widget = ExampleWidget() widget.show() app.exec_() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
IPython 0.13版本与一些清理：
#coding: utf-8 ''' Updated for IPython 0.13 Created on 18-03-2012 Updated: 11-09-2012 @author: Paweł Jarosz ''' import atexit from PySide import QtCore, QtGui from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS = ['qtconsole','--pylab=inline', '--colors=linux'] class IPythonLocalKernelApp(IPKernelApp): @catch_config_error def initialize(self, argv=DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS): """ argv: IPython args example: app = QtGui.QApplication([]) kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance() kernelapp.initialize() widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() widget.set_default_style(colors='linux') widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file()) # if you won't to connect to remote kernel you don't need kernelapp part, just widget part and: # widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json') # where kernel-16098.json is the kernel name widget.show() namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace() nxxx = 12 namespace["widget"] = widget namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui namespace["nxxx"]=nxxx app.exec_() """ super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).initialize(argv) self.kernel.eventloop = self.loop_qt4_nonblocking self.kernel.start() self.start() def loop_qt4_nonblocking(self, kernel): """Non-blocking version of the ipython qt4 kernel loop""" kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer() kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration) kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval) def get_connection_file(self): """Returne current kernel connection file.""" return self.connection_file def get_user_namespace(self): """Returns current kernel userspace dict""" return self.kernel.shell.user_ns class IPythonConsoleQtWidget(RichIPythonWidget): def connect_kernel(self, connection_file, heartbeat = False): """ connection_file: str - is the connection file name, for example 'kernel-16098.json' heartbeat: bool - workaround, needed for right click/save as ... errors ... i don't know how to fix this issue. Anyone knows? Anyway it needs more testing example1 (standalone): app = QtGui.QApplication([]) widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() widget.set_default_style(colors='linux') widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='some connection file name') app.exec_() example2 (IPythonLocalKernelApp): app = QtGui.QApplication([]) kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance() kernelapp.initialize() widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() # Green text, black background ;) widget.set_default_style(colors='linux') widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernelapp.get_connection_file()) app.exec_() """ km = QtKernelManager(connection_file=find_connection_file(connection_file), config=self.config) km.load_connection_file() km.start_channels(hb=heartbeat) self.kernel_manager = km atexit.register(self.kernel_manager.cleanup_connection_file) def main(): app = QtGui.QApplication([]) kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance() kernelapp.initialize() widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget() widget.set_default_style(colors='linux') widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file()) # if you connect to outside app kernel you don't need kernelapp part, # just widget part and: # widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json') # where kernel-16098.json is the kernel name widget.show() namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace() nxxx = 12 namespace["widget"] = widget namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui namespace["nxxx"]=nxxx app.exec_() if __name__=='__main__': main()
pberkes非常友好地为我更新这个例子：
https://gist.github.com/pberkes/5266744
我已经在一个单独的窗口中使用最新的1.0-dev，现在我只需要弄清楚如何访问所有的程序variables并将其粘贴到主窗口中。
可能帮助其他人研究这个：我遇到了这个例子：
https://github.com/gpoulin/python-test/blob/master/embedded_qtconsole.py
经过testing，并与PySide，IPython 2.1.0，Python 3.4.1一起工作。 看来我甚至可以直接使用matplotlib。
from IPython.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget from IPython.qt.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager from PySide import QtGui, QtCore class EmbedIPython(RichIPythonWidget): def __init__(self, **kwarg): super(RichIPythonWidget, self).__init__() self.kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager() self.kernel_manager.start_kernel() self.kernel = self.kernel_manager.kernel self.kernel.gui = 'qt4' self.kernel.shell.push(kwarg) self.kernel_client = self.kernel_manager.client() self.kernel_client.start_channels() class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent) self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit() but1 = QtGui.QPushButton('write') but1.clicked.connect(self.but_write) but2 = QtGui.QPushButton('read') but2.clicked.connect(self.but_read) self.a = {'text': ''} self.console = EmbedIPython(testing=123, a=self.a) self.console.kernel.shell.run_cell('%pylab qt') vbox = QtGui.QVBoxLayout() hbox = QtGui.QHBoxLayout() vbox.addWidget(self.textEdit) vbox.addWidget(self.console) hbox.addWidget(but1) hbox.addWidget(but2) vbox.addLayout(hbox) b = QtGui.QWidget() b.setLayout(vbox) self.setCentralWidget(b) def but_read(self): self.a['text'] = self.textEdit.toPlainText() self.console.execute("print('a[\\\'text\\\'] = \"'+ a['text'] +'\"')") def but_write(self): self.textEdit.setText(self.a['text']) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) main = MainWindow() main.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
在PyQt5中工作的2016年更新：
from qtconsole.qt import QtGui from qtconsole.rich_jupyter_widget import RichJupyterWidget from qtconsole.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager class ConsoleWidget(RichJupyterWidget): def __init__(self, customBanner=None, *args, **kwargs): super(ConsoleWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) if customBanner is not None: self.banner = customBanner self.font_size = 6 self.kernel_manager = kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager() kernel_manager.start_kernel(show_banner=False) kernel_manager.kernel.gui = 'qt' self.kernel_client = kernel_client = self._kernel_manager.client() kernel_client.start_channels() def stop(): kernel_client.stop_channels() kernel_manager.shutdown_kernel() guisupport.get_app_qt().exit() self.exit_requested.connect(stop) def push_vars(self, variableDict): """ Given a dictionary containing name / value pairs, push those variables to the Jupyter console widget """ self.kernel_manager.kernel.shell.push(variableDict) def clear(self): """ Clears the terminal """ self._control.clear() # self.kernel_manager def print_text(self, text): """ Prints some plain text to the console """ self._append_plain_text(text) def execute_command(self, command): """ Execute a command in the frame of the console widget """ self._execute(command, False) if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtGui.QApplication([]) widget = ConsoleWidget() widget.show() app.exec_()
您是否尝试过一些ipython源代码中提供的最新示例？ 我最近从fperez中得到了以下内容（我想买一个啤酒），他们似乎说明了捕获embedded在GUI中的variables的一个好方法。
https://github.com/ipython/ipython/blob/master/docs/examples/lib/ipkernel_qtapp.py
