将NSData序列化为hexstring的最佳方法

我正在寻找一个很好的cocoa方法来将NSData对象序列化为hexstring。 这个想法是在发送给我的服务器之前序列化用于通知的deviceToken。

我有以下的实现,但我认为必须有一些更短,更好的方法来做到这一点。

+ (NSString*) serializeDeviceToken:(NSData*) deviceToken { NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:64]; int length = [deviceToken length]; char *bytes = malloc(sizeof(char) * length); [deviceToken getBytes:bytes length:length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { [str appendFormat:@"%02.2hhX", bytes[i]]; } free(bytes); return str; } 

这是一个适用于我写的NSData的类别。 它返回一个代表NSData的hexNSString,其中的数据可以是任何长度。 如果NSData为空,则返回一个空string。

的NSData + Conversion.h

 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface NSData (NSData_Conversion) #pragma mark - String Conversion - (NSString *)hexadecimalString; @end 

的NSData + Conversion.m

 #import "NSData+Conversion.h" @implementation NSData (NSData_Conversion) #pragma mark - String Conversion - (NSString *)hexadecimalString { /* Returns hexadecimal string of NSData. Empty string if data is empty. */ const unsigned char *dataBuffer = (const unsigned char *)[self bytes]; if (!dataBuffer) return [NSString string]; NSUInteger dataLength = [self length]; NSMutableString *hexString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:(dataLength * 2)]; for (int i = 0; i < dataLength; ++i) [hexString appendString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02lx", (unsigned long)dataBuffer[i]]]; return [NSString stringWithString:hexString]; } @end 

用法:

 NSData *someData = ...; NSString *someDataHexadecimalString = [someData hexadecimalString]; 

这个“可能”比调用[someData description]更好,然后[someData description]空格,<和s>。 剥离字符只是感觉太“哈克”。 另外,你永远不知道苹果是否会在未来改变NSData的描述格式。

注:我有人向我介绍这个答案中的代码的许可。 我特此将我在此答案中发布的代码的版权归于公有领域。

这是一个高度优化的NSData类别方法,用于生成一个hexstring。 尽pipe@Dave Gallagher的回答对于相对较小的规模来说已经足够,但是对于大量数据而言,内存和CPU性能会变差。 我用我的iPhone 5上的一个2MB文件进行了分析。时间比较是0.05对12秒。 内存占用这个方法可以忽略不计,而另一种方法增加到70MB!

 - (NSString *) hexString { NSUInteger bytesCount = self.length; if (bytesCount) { const char *hexChars = "0123456789ABCDEF"; const unsigned char *dataBuffer = self.bytes; char *chars = malloc(sizeof(char) * (bytesCount * 2 + 1)); char *s = chars; for (unsigned i = 0; i < bytesCount; ++i) { *s++ = hexChars[((*dataBuffer & 0xF0) >> 4)]; *s++ = hexChars[(*dataBuffer & 0x0F)]; dataBuffer++; } *s = '\0'; NSString *hexString = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:chars]; free(chars); return hexString; } return @""; } 

使用NSData的description属性不应该被认为是HEX编码string的可接受机制。 该属性仅供描述,可随时更改。 注意,在iOS之前,NSData描述属性甚至没有以hexforms返回它的数据。

不好意思在这个解决scheme上,但是重要的是要把它的序列化,而不是捎带一个API,这个API是为了数据序列化以外的东西。

 @implementation NSData (Hex) - (NSString*)hexString { NSUInteger length = self.length; unichar* hexChars = (unichar*)malloc(sizeof(unichar) * (length*2)); unsigned char* bytes = (unsigned char*)self.bytes; for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < length; i++) { unichar c = bytes[i] / 16; if (c < 10) { c += '0'; } else { c += 'A' - 10; } hexChars[i*2] = c; c = bytes[i] % 16; if (c < 10) { c += '0'; } else { c += 'A' - 10; } hexChars[i*2+1] = c; } NSString* retVal = [[NSString alloc] initWithCharactersNoCopy:hexChars length:length*2 freeWhenDone:YES]; return [retVal autorelease]; } @end 

这是一个更快的方式来做转换:

BenchMark(平均时间为1024字节数据转换重复100次):

Dave Gallagher:〜8.070 ms
NSProgrammer:〜0.077毫秒
彼得:〜0.031毫秒
这一个:〜0.017毫秒

 @implementation NSData (BytesExtras) static char _NSData_BytesConversionString_[512] = "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2d2e2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f404142434445464748494a4b4c4d4e4f505152535455565758595a5b5c5d5e5f606162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f707172737475767778797a7b7c7d7e7f808182838485868788898a8b8c8d8e8f909192939495969798999a9b9c9d9e9fa0a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9aaabacadaeafb0b1b2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9babbbcbdbebfc0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9cacbcccdcecfd0d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9dadbdcdddedfe0e1e2e3e4e5e6e7e8e9eaebecedeeeff0f1f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9fafbfcfdfeff"; -(NSString*)bytesString { UInt16* mapping = (UInt16*)_NSData_BytesConversionString_; register UInt16 len = self.length; char* hexChars = (char*)malloc( sizeof(char) * (len*2) ); // --- Coeur's contribution - a safe way to check the allocation if (hexChars == NULL) { // we directly raise an exception instead of using NSAssert to make sure assertion is not disabled as this is irrecoverable [NSException raise:@"NSInternalInconsistencyException" format:@"failed malloc" arguments:nil]; return nil; } // --- register UInt16* dst = ((UInt16*)hexChars) + len-1; register unsigned char* src = (unsigned char*)self.bytes + len-1; while (len--) *dst-- = mapping[*src--]; NSString* retVal = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytesNoCopy:hexChars length:self.length*2 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding freeWhenDone:YES]; #if (!__has_feature(objc_arc)) return [retVal autorelease]; #else return retVal; #endif } @end 

彼得的回答移交给斯威夫特

 func hexString(data:NSData)->String{ if data.length > 0 { let hexChars = Array("0123456789abcdef".utf8) as [UInt8]; let buf = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer(data.bytes), count: data.length); var output = [UInt8](count: data.length*2 + 1, repeatedValue: 0); var ix:Int = 0; for b in buf { let hi = Int((b & 0xf0) >> 4); let low = Int(b & 0x0f); output[ix++] = hexChars[ hi]; output[ix++] = hexChars[low]; } let result = String.fromCString(UnsafePointer(output))!; return result; } return ""; } 

swift3

 func hexString()->String{ if count > 0 { let hexChars = Array("0123456789abcdef".utf8) as [UInt8]; return withUnsafeBytes({ (bytes:UnsafePointer<UInt8>) -> String in let buf = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: bytes, count: self.count); var output = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: self.count*2 + 1); var ix:Int = 0; for b in buf { let hi = Int((b & 0xf0) >> 4); let low = Int(b & 0x0f); output[ix] = hexChars[ hi]; ix += 1; output[ix] = hexChars[low]; ix += 1; } return String(cString: UnsafePointer(output)); }) } return ""; } 

functionSwift版本

一个class轮:

 let hexString = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer(data.bytes), count: data.length).map { String(format: "%02x", $0) }.joinWithSeparator("") 

这里有一个可重复使用和自我logging的扩展forms:

 extension NSData { func base16EncodedString(uppercase uppercase: Bool = false) -> String { let buffer = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer(self.bytes), count: self.length) let hexFormat = uppercase ? "X" : "x" let formatString = "%02\(hexFormat)" let bytesAsHexStrings = buffer.map { String(format: formatString, $0) } return bytesAsHexStrings.joinWithSeparator("") } } 

或者,使用reduce("", combine: +)而不是joinWithSeparator("")作为您的同行的function主。


编辑:我更改string($ 0,基数:16)为string(格式:“%02x”,$ 0),因为一个数字需要填充零

我需要解决这个问题,发现这里的答案非常有用,但是我担心性能。 大多数这些答案都涉及将数据批量复制到NSData之外,所以我编写了以下内容以低开销进行转换:

 @interface NSData (HexString) @end @implementation NSData (HexString) - (NSString *)hexString { NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:self.length * 3]; [self enumerateByteRangesUsingBlock:^(const void *bytes, NSRange byteRange, BOOL *stop){ for (NSUInteger offset = 0; offset < byteRange.length; ++offset) { uint8_t byte = ((const uint8_t *)bytes)[offset]; if (string.length == 0) [string appendFormat:@"%02X", byte]; else [string appendFormat:@" %02X", byte]; } }]; return string; } 

这预先为整个结果分配string空间,并避免使用enumerateByteRangesUsingBlock将NSData内容复制出来。 将格式string中的X更改为x将使用小写hex数字。 如果你不想在字节之间分隔你可以减less语句

 if (string.length == 0) [string appendFormat:@"%02X", byte]; else [string appendFormat:@" %02X", byte]; 

下降到刚刚

 [string appendFormat:@"%02X", byte]; 

我需要一个可用于可变长度string的答案,所以我做了以下操作:

 + (NSString *)stringWithHexFromData:(NSData *)data { NSString *result = [[data description] stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""]; result = [result substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1, [result length] - 2)]; return result; } 

作为NSString类的扩展很有效。

您始终可以使用[yourString uppercaseString]在数据描述中使用大写字母

将NSData序列化或反序列化为NSString的更好的方法是使用Google Toolbox for Mac Base64编码器/解码器。 只需将Package从文件包GTMBase64.m,GTMBase64.he GTMDefines.h拖到App Project中,然后执行类似

 /** * Serialize NSData to Base64 encoded NSString */ -(void) serialize:(NSData*)data { self.encodedData = [GTMBase64 stringByEncodingData:data]; } /** * Deserialize Base64 NSString to NSData */ -(NSData*) deserialize { return [GTMBase64 decodeString:self.encodedData]; } 

这是一个使用Swift 3的解决scheme

 extension Data { public var hexadecimalString : String { var str = "" enumerateBytes { buffer, index, stop in for byte in buffer { str.append(String(format:"%02x",byte)) } } return str } } extension NSData { public var hexadecimalString : String { return (self as Data).hexadecimalString } } 
 @implementation NSData (Extn) - (NSString *)description { NSMutableString *str = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; const char *bytes = self.bytes; for (int i = 0; i < [self length]; i++) { [str appendFormat:@"%02hhX ", bytes[i]]; } return [str autorelease]; } @end Now you can call NSLog(@"hex value: %@", data) 

%08x更改为%08X以获取大写字母。

Swift + Property。

我更喜欢有hex表示作为属性(与bytesdescription属性相同):

 extension NSData { var hexString: String { let buffer = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer(self.bytes), count: self.length) return buffer.map { String(format: "%02x", $0) }.joinWithSeparator("") } var heXString: String { let buffer = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer(self.bytes), count: self.length) return buffer.map { String(format: "%02X", $0) }.joinWithSeparator("") } } 

想法是从这个答案借来的

 [deviceToken description] 

你需要删除空格。

我个人base64编码deviceToken ,但这是一个品味的问题。