如何find列表交集?
a = [1,2,3,4,5] b = [1,3,5,6] c = a and b print c
实际产出: [1,3,5,6]
预期产出: [1,3,5]
我们如何才能在两个列表上实现一个布尔运算(列表交集)?
如果顺序不重要,你不需要担心重复,那么你可以使用集交集:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> b = [1,3,5,6] >>> list(set(a) & set(b)) [1, 3, 5]
如果将两个列表中较大的一个转换为一个集合,那么可以使用intersection()
来得到该集合与任何可迭代的intersection()
:
a = [1,2,3,4,5] b = [1,3,5,6] set(a).intersection(b)
从较大的一个出发:
_auxset = set(a)
然后,
c = [x for x in b if x in _auxset]
会做你想做的(保留b
的顺序,不是a
– 不一定保留两个 ),并做得很快 。 ( if x in a
使用if x in a
作为列表理解中的条件也是可行的,并且避免了构build_auxset
的需要,但不幸的是对于很长的列表来说它会慢很多)。
如果你想要对结果进行sorting,而不是保留任何一个列表的sorting,那么更简洁的方法可能是:
c = sorted(set(a).intersection(b))
使用列表parsing对我来说是非常明显的。 不确定的performance,但至less事情留在名单。
[x for x in a if x in b]
或者“如果X值在B中,则所有在A中的x值”。
a = [1,2,3,4,5] b = [1,3,5,6] c = list(set(a).intersection(set(b)))
应该像梦一样工作。 而且,如果可以的话,使用集合而不是列表来避免所有这些types的改变!
以下是一些Python 2 / Python 3代码,可以为基于列表和基于集合的方法生成计时信息,以find两个列表的交集。
纯粹的列表理解algorithm是O(n ^ 2),因为in
列表中是线性search。 基于集合的algorithm是O(n),因为集合search是O(1),并且集合创build是O(n)(并且将集合转换成列表也是O(n))。 因此,对于足够大的n ,基于集合的algorithm速度更快,但是对于小n来说 ,创build集合的开销使得它们比纯粹的列表compalgorithm慢。
#!/usr/bin/env python ''' Time list- vs set-based list intersection See http://stackoverflow.com/q/3697432/4014959 Written by PM 2Ring 2015.10.16 ''' from __future__ import print_function, division from timeit import Timer setup = 'from __main__ import a, b' cmd_lista = '[u for u in a if u in b]' cmd_listb = '[u for u in b if u in a]' cmd_lcsa = 'sa=set(a);[u for u in b if u in sa]' cmd_seta = 'list(set(a).intersection(b))' cmd_setb = 'list(set(b).intersection(a))' reps = 3 loops = 50000 def do_timing(heading, cmd, setup): t = Timer(cmd, setup) r = t.repeat(reps, loops) r.sort() print(heading, r) return r[0] m = 10 nums = list(range(6 * m)) for n in range(1, m + 1): a = nums[:6*n:2] b = nums[:6*n:3] print('\nn =', n, len(a), len(b)) #print('\nn = %d\n%s %d\n%s %d' % (n, a, len(a), b, len(b))) la = do_timing('lista', cmd_lista, setup) lb = do_timing('listb', cmd_listb, setup) lc = do_timing('lcsa ', cmd_lcsa, setup) sa = do_timing('seta ', cmd_seta, setup) sb = do_timing('setb ', cmd_setb, setup) print(la/sa, lb/sa, lc/sa, la/sb, lb/sb, lc/sb)
产量
n = 1 3 2 lista [0.082171916961669922, 0.082588911056518555, 0.0898590087890625] listb [0.069530963897705078, 0.070394992828369141, 0.075379848480224609] lcsa [0.11858987808227539, 0.1188349723815918, 0.12825107574462891] seta [0.26900982856750488, 0.26902294158935547, 0.27298116683959961] setb [0.27218389511108398, 0.27459001541137695, 0.34307217597961426] 0.305460649521 0.258469975867 0.440838458259 0.301898526833 0.255455833892 0.435697630214 n = 2 6 4 lista [0.15915989875793457, 0.16000485420227051, 0.16551494598388672] listb [0.13000702857971191, 0.13060092926025391, 0.13543915748596191] lcsa [0.18650484085083008, 0.18742108345031738, 0.19513416290283203] seta [0.33592700958251953, 0.34001994132995605, 0.34146714210510254] setb [0.29436492919921875, 0.2953648567199707, 0.30039691925048828] 0.473793098554 0.387009751735 0.555194537893 0.540689066428 0.441652573672 0.633583767462 n = 3 9 6 lista [0.27657914161682129, 0.28098297119140625, 0.28311991691589355] listb [0.21585917472839355, 0.21679902076721191, 0.22272896766662598] lcsa [0.22559309005737305, 0.2271728515625, 0.2323150634765625] seta [0.36382699012756348, 0.36453008651733398, 0.36750602722167969] setb [0.34979605674743652, 0.35533690452575684, 0.36164689064025879] 0.760194128313 0.59330170819 0.62005595016 0.790686848184 0.61710008036 0.644927481902 n = 4 12 8 lista [0.39616990089416504, 0.39746403694152832, 0.41129183769226074] listb [0.33485794067382812, 0.33914685249328613, 0.37850618362426758] lcsa [0.27405810356140137, 0.2745978832244873, 0.28249192237854004] seta [0.39211201667785645, 0.39234519004821777, 0.39317893981933594] setb [0.36988520622253418, 0.37011313438415527, 0.37571001052856445] 1.01034878821 0.85398540833 0.698928091731 1.07106176249 0.905302334456 0.740927452493 n = 5 15 10 lista [0.56792402267456055, 0.57422614097595215, 0.57740211486816406] listb [0.47309303283691406, 0.47619009017944336, 0.47628307342529297] lcsa [0.32805585861206055, 0.32813096046447754, 0.3349759578704834] seta [0.40036201477050781, 0.40322518348693848, 0.40548801422119141] setb [0.39103078842163086, 0.39722800254821777, 0.43811702728271484] 1.41852623806 1.18166313332 0.819398061028 1.45237674242 1.20986133789 0.838951479847 n = 6 18 12 lista [0.77897095680236816, 0.78187918663024902, 0.78467702865600586] listb [0.629547119140625, 0.63210701942443848, 0.63321495056152344] lcsa [0.36563992500305176, 0.36638498306274414, 0.38175487518310547] seta [0.46695613861083984, 0.46992206573486328, 0.47583580017089844] setb [0.47616910934448242, 0.47661614418029785, 0.4850609302520752] 1.66818870637 1.34819326075 0.783028414812 1.63591241329 1.32210827369 0.767878297495 n = 7 21 14 lista [0.9703209400177002, 0.9734041690826416, 1.0182771682739258] listb [0.82394003868103027, 0.82625699043273926, 0.82796716690063477] lcsa [0.40975093841552734, 0.41210508346557617, 0.42286920547485352] seta [0.5086359977722168, 0.50968098640441895, 0.51014018058776855] setb [0.48688101768493652, 0.4879908561706543, 0.49204087257385254] 1.90769222837 1.61990115188 0.805587768483 1.99293236904 1.69228211566 0.841583309951 n = 8 24 16 lista [1.204819917678833, 1.2206029891967773, 1.258256196975708] listb [1.014998197555542, 1.0206191539764404, 1.0343101024627686] lcsa [0.50966787338256836, 0.51018595695495605, 0.51319599151611328] seta [0.50310111045837402, 0.50556015968322754, 0.51335406303405762] setb [0.51472997665405273, 0.51948785781860352, 0.52113485336303711] 2.39478683834 2.01748351664 1.01305257092 2.34068341135 1.97190418975 0.990165516871 n = 9 27 18 lista [1.511646032333374, 1.5133969783782959, 1.5639569759368896] listb [1.2461750507354736, 1.254518985748291, 1.2613379955291748] lcsa [0.5565330982208252, 0.56119203567504883, 0.56451296806335449] seta [0.5966339111328125, 0.60275578498840332, 0.64791703224182129] setb [0.54694414138793945, 0.5508568286895752, 0.55375313758850098] 2.53362406013 2.08867620074 0.932788243907 2.76380331728 2.27843203069 1.01753187594 n = 10 30 20 lista [1.7777848243713379, 2.1453688144683838, 2.4085969924926758] listb [1.5070111751556396, 1.5202279090881348, 1.5779800415039062] lcsa [0.5954139232635498, 0.59703707695007324, 0.60746097564697266] seta [0.61563014984130859, 0.62125110626220703, 0.62354087829589844] setb [0.56723213195800781, 0.57257509231567383, 0.57460403442382812] 2.88774814689 2.44791645689 0.967161734066 3.13413984189 2.6567803378 1.04968299523
使用运行Python 2.6.6的2GB RAM的2GHz单核机器在Debian的Linux版本中运行(Firefox在后台运行)。
这些数字只是一个粗略的指导,因为各种algorithm的实际速度受到源列表中元素比例的不同影响。
如果通过布尔AND来frozenset
现在两个列表中的项目,例如交集,那么你应该看看Python的set
和frozenset
types。
使用filter
和lambda
运算符可以实现function性的方法。
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6] list2 = [2,4,6,9,10] >>> filter(lambda x:x in list1, list2) [2, 4, 6]
编辑:它过滤出列表1和列表中存在的x,设置差异也可以通过以下方式实现:
>>> filter(lambda x:x not in list1, list2) [9,10]