如何避免在csh中复制pathvariables
通常在你的cshrc文件中有这样的设置path:
set path = ( . $otherpath $path )
但是,当您多次获取您的cshrc文件时,path会被复制,您如何防止重复?
编辑:这是一个不干净的方式做到这一点:
set localpaths = ( . $otherpaths ) echo ${path} | egrep -i "$localpaths" >& /dev/null if ($status != 0) then set path = ( . $otherpaths $path ) endif
您可以使用以下Perl脚本来修剪重复path。
#!/usr/bin/perl # # ^^ ensure this is pointing to the correct location. # # Title: SLimPath # Author: David "Shoe Lace" Pyke <eselle@users.sourceforge.net > # : Tim Nelson # Purpose: To create a slim version of my envirnoment path so as to eliminate # duplicate entries and ensure that the "." path was last. # Date Created: April 1st 1999 # Revision History: # 01/04/99: initial tests.. didn't wok verywell at all # : retreived path throught '$ENV' call # 07/04/99: After an email from Tim Nelson <wayland@ne.com.au> got it to # work. # : used 'push' to add to array # : used 'join' to create a delimited string from a list/array. # 16/02/00: fixed cmd-line options to look/work better # 25/02/00: made verbosity level-oriented # # use Getopt::Std; sub printlevel; $initial_str = ""; $debug_mode = ""; $delim_chr = ":"; $opt_v = 1; getopts("v:hd:l:e:s:"); OPTS: { $opt_h && do { print "\n$0 [-v level] [-d level] [-l delim] ( -e varname | -s strname | -h )"; print "\nWhere:"; print "\n -h This help"; print "\n -d Debug level"; print "\n -l Delimiter (between path vars)"; print "\n -e Specify environment variable (NB: don't include \$ sign)"; print "\n -s String (ie. $0 -s \$PATH:/looser/bin/)"; print "\n -v Verbosity (0 = quiet, 1 = normal, 2 = verbose)"; print "\n"; exit; }; $opt_d && do { printlevel 1, "You selected debug level $opt_d\n"; $debug_mode = $opt_d; }; $opt_l && do { printlevel 1, "You are going to delimit the string with \"$opt_l\"\n"; $delim_chr = $opt_l; }; $opt_e && do { if($opt_s) { die "Cannot specify BOTH env var and string\n"; } printlevel 1, "Using Environment variable \"$opt_e\"\n"; $initial_str = $ENV{$opt_e}; }; $opt_s && do { printlevel 1, "Using String \"$opt_s\"\n"; $initial_str = $opt_s; }; } if( ($#ARGV != 1) and !$opt_e and !$opt_s){ die "Nothing to work with -- try $0 -h\n"; } $what = shift @ARGV; # Split path using the delimiter @dirs = split(/$delim_chr/, $initial_str); $dest; @newpath = (); LOOP: foreach (@dirs){ # Ensure the directory exists and is a directory if(! -e ) { printlevel 1, "$_ does not exist\n"; next; } # If the directory is ., set $dot and go around again if($_ eq '.') { $dot = 1; next; } # if ($_ ne `realpath $_`){ # printlevel 2, "$_ becomes ".`realpath $_`."\n"; # } undef $dest; #$_=Stdlib::realpath($_,$dest); # Check for duplicates and dot path foreach $adir (@newpath) { if($_ eq $adir) { printlevel 2, "Duplicate: $_\n"; next LOOP; }} push @newpath, $_; } # Join creates a string from a list/array delimited by the first expression print join($delim_chr, @newpath) . ($dot ? $delim_chr.".\n" : "\n"); printlevel 1, "Thank you for using $0\n"; exit; sub printlevel { my($level, $string) = @_; if($opt_v >= $level) { print STDERR $string; } }
我希望这是有用的。
我惊讶没有人使用tr ":" "\n" | grep -x
tr ":" "\n" | grep -x
技术来search给定文件夹是否已经存在于$ PATH中。 任何理由不?
在1行中:
if ! $(echo "$PATH" | tr ":" "\n" | grep -qx "$dir") ; then PATH=$PATH:$dir ; fi
这里有一个函数让我自己添加几个文件夹到$ PATH(使用“aaa:bbb:ccc”符号作为参数),在添加之前检查每个文件夹是否重复:
append_path() { local SAVED_IFS="$IFS" local dir IFS=: for dir in $1 ; do if ! $( echo "$PATH" | tr ":" "\n" | grep -qx "$dir" ) ; then PATH=$PATH:$dir fi done IFS="$SAVED_IFS" }
它可以用这样的脚本来调用:
append_path "/test:$HOME/bin:/example/my dir/space is not an issue"
它具有以下优点:
- 没有bashisms或任何shell特定的语法。 它完全运行
!#/bin/sh
(用连字符testing) - 可以一次添加多个文件夹
- 没有sorting,保留文件夹顺序
- 完美地处理文件夹名称中的空格
- 无论$文件夹在开始,结束,中间,还是$ PATH中唯一的文件夹(从而避免testingx:*,*:x, :x: ,x,做)
- 如果$ PATH以“:”开始或结束,或在其中有“::”(表示当前文件夹),则工作(并保留)
- 没有
awk
或sed
需要。 - 环保局友好;)原始的IFS值被保留,所有其他variables是本地的function范围。
希望有所帮助!
好吧, 不是在csh,但这是我如何追加$ HOME / bin到我的path在bash中…
case $PATH in *:$HOME/bin | *:$HOME/bin:* ) ;; *) export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin esac
季节去品尝…
在过去的十年中,我一直在使用以下(Bourne / Korn / POSIX / Bash)脚本:
: "@(#)$Id: clnpath.sh,v 1.6 1999/06/08 23:34:07 jleffler Exp $" # # Print minimal version of $PATH, possibly removing some items case $# in 0) chop=""; path=${PATH:?};; 1) chop=""; path=$1;; 2) chop=$2; path=$1;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0 .sh` [$PATH [remove:list]]" >&2 exit 1;; esac # Beware of the quotes in the assignment to chop! echo "$path" | ${AWK:-awk} -F: '# BEGIN { # Sort out which path components to omit chop="'"$chop"'"; if (chop != "") nr = split(chop, remove); else nr = 0; for (i = 1; i <= nr; i++) omit[remove[i]] = 1; } { for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) { x=$i; if (x == "") x = "."; if (omit[x] == 0 && path[x]++ == 0) { output = output pad x; pad = ":"; } } print output; }'
在Korn shell中,我使用:
export PATH=$(clnpath /new/bin:/other/bin:$PATH /old/bin:/extra/bin)
这使我在前面包含新的和其他bin目录的PATH,加上主path值中每个目录名的一个副本,除了旧的和额外的bin目录已经删除了bin。
你将不得不适应这个C shell(对不起 – 但我是一个非常相信C Shell编程认为有害的真相)。 最重要的是,你不需要摆弄冒号分隔符,所以生活其实更简单。
那么,如果你不关心你的path是什么顺序,你可以做一些事情:
set path=(`echo $path | tr ' ' '\n' | sort | uniq | tr '\n' ' '`)
这将sorting你的path,并删除任何额外的path是相同的。 如果你有 。 在你的path中,你可能想用grep -v去除它,并在最后重新添加它。
这是一个很长的一行没有sorting:
set path =( echo $path | tr ' ' '\n' | perl -e 'while (<>) { print $_ unless $s{$_}++; }' | tr '\n' ' '
)
使用sed(1)删除重复项。
$ PATH=$(echo $PATH | sed -e 's/$/:/;s/^/:/;s/:/::/g;:a;s#\(:[^:]\{1,\}:\)\(.*\)\1#\1\2#g;ta;s/::*/:/g;s/^://;s/:$//;')
这将删除重复后的第一个实例,这可能是也可能不是你想要的,例如:
$ NEWPATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin $ echo $NEWPATH | sed -e 's/$/:/; s/^/:/; s/:/::/g; :a; s#\(:[^:]\{1,\}:\)\(.*\)\1#\1\2#g; ta; s/::*/:/g; s/^://; s/:$//;' /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin $
请享用!
dr_peper,
我通常更喜欢坚持我所生活的shell的脚本function。使它更加便于携带。 所以,我喜欢你的解决scheme使用csh脚本。 我只是把它扩展到每个地方工作,使它为我自己工作。
foreach目录($ localdirs) echo $ {path} | egrep -i“$ dir”>&/ dev / null 如果($ status!= 0)那么 设置path=($ dir $path) 万一 结束
这是我使用的 – 也许别人会发现它是有用的:
#!/bin/csh # ABSTRACT # /bin/csh function-like aliases for manipulating environment # variables containing paths. # # BUGS # - These *MUST* be single line aliases to avoid parsing problems apparently related # to if-then-else # - Aliases currently perform tests in inefficient in order to avoid parsing problems # - Extremely fragile - use bash instead!! # # AUTHOR # JP Abelanet - 11/11/10 # Function-like alias to add a path to the front of an environment variable # containing colon (':') delimited paths, without path duplication # # Usage: prepend_path ENVVARIABLE /path/to/prepend alias prepend_path \ 'set arg2="\!:2"; if ($?\!:1 == 0) setenv \!:1 "$arg2"; if ($?\!:1 && $\!:1 !~ {,*:}"$arg2"{:*,}) setenv \!:1 "$arg2":"$\!:1";' # Function-like alias to add a path to the back of any environment variable # containing colon (':') delimited paths, without path duplication # # Usage: append_path ENVVARIABLE /path/to/append alias append_path \ 'set arg2="\!:2"; if ($?\!:1 == 0) setenv \!:1 "$arg2"; if ($?\!:1 && $\!:1 !~ {,*:}"$arg2"{:*,}) setenv \!:1 "$\!:1":"$arg2";'
我总是从头开始在.cshrc中设置我的path。 那是我从一个基本的path开始,如:
set path = (. ~/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/ucb /usr/bin/X11)
(取决于系统)。
然后做:
set path = ($otherPath $path)
添加更多的东西
我有和原始问题一样的需求。 基于你以前的答案,我曾经在Korn / POSIX / Bash中使用过:
export PATH=$(perl -e 'print join ":", grep {!$h{$_}++} split ":", "'$otherpath:$PATH\")
我很难直接在csh中翻译它(csh escape rules is insane)。 我已经使用(如dr_pepperbuild议):
set path = ( `echo $otherpath $path | tr ' ' '\n' | perl -ne 'print $_ unless $h{$_}++' | tr '\n' ' '`)
你有更多的想法来简化它(减lesspipe道数量)?