使用C代码来获取与ifconfig相同的信息
有没有办法在Linux中使用C代码来获取“ifconfig eth0”将返回的相同信息? 我对IP地址,链接状态和MAC地址等东西感兴趣。
以下是ifconfig的输出示例:
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0F:20:CF:8B:42 inet addr:217.149.127.10 Bcast:217.149.127.63 Mask:255.255.255.192 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2472694671 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:44641779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1761467179 (1679.8 Mb) TX bytes:2870928587 (2737.9 Mb) Interrupt:28
是的, ifconfig
本身是用C编写的。:)请参阅: http : //cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c? ifconfig
x- cvsweb-标记
man netdevice
看到的细节(在Linux上)。 您使用ioctl()
系统调用。
解决这类问题的一个方法,特别是在你没有资源的情况下,就是strace 。
它给你一个你传递的任何程序所做的所有系统调用的列表,以及它们的参数和返回值。 如果你的程序只是转储一些信息并退出,而不是长时间运行,那么在你看到的所有系统调用中,只要做一个人,看起来就像他们可能提供你正在寻找的信息一样简单。
当我跑步
strace ifconfig
一些有趣的电话是:
open("/proc/net/dev", O_RDONLY) = 6
其次是一堆ioctls,佐证@ payne的答案:
ioctl(5, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_RUNNING|IFF_MULTICAST}) = 0 ioctl(5, SIOCGIFHWADDR, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_hwaddr=84:2b:2b:b7:9e:6d}) = 0 ioctl(5, SIOCGIFMETRIC, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_metric=0}) = 0 ioctl(5, SIOCGIFMTU, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_mtu=1500}) = 0
这里是我的代码中如何获得MAC和MTU:
void getMACAddress(std::string _iface,unsigned char MAC[6]) { int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); struct ifreq ifr; ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET; strncpy(ifr.ifr_name , _iface.c_str() , IFNAMSIZ-1); ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr); for(unsigned int i=0;i<6;i++) MAC[i] = ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[i]; ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr); close(fd); printf("MTU: %d\n",ifr.ifr_mtu); printf("MAC:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x\n",MAC[0],MAC[1],MAC[2],MAC[3],MAC[4],MAC[5]); }
一个简单的方法是使用popen函数,请参阅: http : //pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696899/functions/popen.html
使用类似于:
FILE *fp; char returnData[64]; fp = popen("/sbin/ifconfig eth0", "r"); while (fgets(returnData, 64, fp) != NULL) { printf("%s", returnData); } pclose(fp);
有一个更简单的方法。 复制自http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getifaddrs.3.html
#include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <ifaddrs.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <linux/if_link.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct ifaddrs *ifaddr, *ifa; int family, s, n; char host[NI_MAXHOST]; if (getifaddrs(&ifaddr) == -1) { perror("getifaddrs"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Walk through linked list, maintaining head pointer so we can free list later */ for (ifa = ifaddr, n = 0; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next, n++) { if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL) continue; family = ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family; /* Display interface name and family (including symbolic form of the latter for the common families) */ printf("%-8s %s (%d)\n", ifa->ifa_name, (family == AF_PACKET) ? "AF_PACKET" : (family == AF_INET) ? "AF_INET" : (family == AF_INET6) ? "AF_INET6" : "???", family); /* For an AF_INET* interface address, display the address */ if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6) { s = getnameinfo(ifa->ifa_addr, (family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) : sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6), host, NI_MAXHOST, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST); if (s != 0) { printf("getnameinfo() failed: %s\n", gai_strerror(s)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("\t\taddress: <%s>\n", host); } else if (family == AF_PACKET && ifa->ifa_data != NULL) { struct rtnl_link_stats *stats = (struct rtnl_link_stats *)ifa->ifa_data; printf("\t\ttx_packets = %10u; rx_packets = %10u\n" "\t\ttx_bytes = %10u; rx_bytes = %10u\n", stats->tx_packets, stats->rx_packets, stats->tx_bytes, stats->rx_bytes); } } freeifaddrs(ifaddr); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }