邮件多部分/替代与多部分/混合

在创build电子邮件时，您应该在发送HTML和TEXT或发送文本和附件时使用multipart/mixed将Content-Type设置为multipart/alternative 。

那么如果你想发送HTML，文本和附件，你会怎么做？ 同时使用？

Answer 1

使用multipart/mixed与第一部分multipart/mixed作为multipart/alternative和附件的后续部分。 反过来，在multipart/alternative部分中使用text/plain和text/html部分。

有能力的电子邮件客户端应该识别multipart/alternative部分，并根据需要显示文本部分或HTML部分。 它也应该显示所有随后的部分作为附件部分。

这里要注意的重要一点是，在多部分MIME消息中，部分内部分是完全有效的。 从理论上说，嵌套可以延伸到任何深度。 任何合理能力的电子邮件客户端应该能够recursion地处理所有的消息部分。

Answer 2

今天我遇到了这个挑战，我发现这些答案有用，但对我来说还不够明确。

编辑 ：刚刚发现的Apache Commons电子邮件 ，包装很好，这意味着你不需要知道下面。

如果您的要求是一个电子邮件与：

1. 文本和html版本
2. html版本embedded（内联）的图像
3. 附件

我发现与Gmail / Outlook / iPad一起使用的唯一结构是：

• 杂
  • 替代
    • 文本
    • 有关
      • HTML
      • 内嵌图像
      • 内嵌图像
  • 附件
  • 附件

代码是：

 import javax.activation.DataHandler; import javax.activation.DataSource; import javax.activation.URLDataSource; import javax.mail.BodyPart; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.Multipart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart; import java.net.URL; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; /** * Created by StrongMan on 25/05/14. */ public class MailContentBuilder { private static final Pattern COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_SINGLE = Pattern.compile("src='([^']*)'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); private static final Pattern COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_DOUBLE = Pattern.compile("src=\"([^\"]*)\"", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); /** * Build an email message. * * The HTML may reference the embedded image (messageHtmlInline) using the filename. Any path portion is ignored to make my life easier * eg If you pass in the image C:\Temp\dog.jpg you can use <img src="dog.jpg"/> or <img src="C:\Temp\dog.jpg"/> and both will work * * @param messageText * @param messageHtml * @param messageHtmlInline * @param attachments * @return * @throws MessagingException */ public Multipart build(String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws MessagingException { final Multipart mpMixed = new MimeMultipart("mixed"); { // alternative final Multipart mpMixedAlternative = newChild(mpMixed, "alternative"); { // Note: MUST RENDER HTML LAST otherwise iPad mail client only renders the last image and no email addTextVersion(mpMixedAlternative,messageText); addHtmlVersion(mpMixedAlternative,messageHtml, messageHtmlInline); } // attachments addAttachments(mpMixed,attachments); } //msg.setText(message, "utf-8"); //msg.setContent(message,"text/html; charset=utf-8"); return mpMixed; } private Multipart newChild(Multipart parent, String alternative) throws MessagingException { MimeMultipart child = new MimeMultipart(alternative); final MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart(); parent.addBodyPart(mbp); mbp.setContent(child); return child; } private void addTextVersion(Multipart mpRelatedAlternative, String messageText) throws MessagingException { final MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart(); textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain"); mpRelatedAlternative.addBodyPart(textPart); } private void addHtmlVersion(Multipart parent, String messageHtml, List<URL> embeded) throws MessagingException { // HTML version final Multipart mpRelated = newChild(parent,"related"); // Html final MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart(); HashMap<String,String> cids = new HashMap<String, String>(); htmlPart.setContent(replaceUrlWithCids(messageHtml,cids), "text/html"); mpRelated.addBodyPart(htmlPart); // Inline images addImagesInline(mpRelated, embeded, cids); } private void addImagesInline(Multipart parent, List<URL> embeded, HashMap<String,String> cids) throws MessagingException { if (embeded != null) { for (URL img : embeded) { final MimeBodyPart htmlPartImg = new MimeBodyPart(); DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(img); htmlPartImg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs)); String fileName = img.getFile(); fileName = getFileName(fileName); String newFileName = cids.get(fileName); boolean imageNotReferencedInHtml = newFileName == null; if (imageNotReferencedInHtml) continue; // Gmail requires the cid have <> around it htmlPartImg.setHeader("Content-ID", "<"+newFileName+">"); htmlPartImg.setDisposition(BodyPart.INLINE); parent.addBodyPart(htmlPartImg); } } } private void addAttachments(Multipart parent, List<URL> attachments) throws MessagingException { if (attachments != null) { for (URL attachment : attachments) { final MimeBodyPart mbpAttachment = new MimeBodyPart(); DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(attachment); mbpAttachment.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs)); String fileName = attachment.getFile(); fileName = getFileName(fileName); mbpAttachment.setDisposition(BodyPart.ATTACHMENT); mbpAttachment.setFileName(fileName); parent.addBodyPart(mbpAttachment); } } } public String replaceUrlWithCids(String html, HashMap<String,String> cids) { html = replaceUrlWithCids(html, COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_SINGLE, "src='cid:@cid'", cids); html = replaceUrlWithCids(html, COMPILED_PATTERN_SRC_URL_DOUBLE, "src=\"cid:@cid\"", cids); return html; } private String replaceUrlWithCids(String html, Pattern pattern, String replacement, HashMap<String,String> cids) { Matcher matcherCssUrl = pattern.matcher(html); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (matcherCssUrl.find()) { String fileName = matcherCssUrl.group(1); // Disregarding file path, so don't clash your filenames! fileName = getFileName(fileName); // A cid must start with @ and be globally unique String cid = "@" + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "_" + fileName; if (cids.containsKey(fileName)) cid = cids.get(fileName); else cids.put(fileName,cid); matcherCssUrl.appendReplacement(sb,replacement.replace("@cid",cid)); } matcherCssUrl.appendTail(sb); html = sb.toString(); return html; } private String getFileName(String fileName) { if (fileName.contains("/")) fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/")+1); return fileName; } } 

以及从Gmail使用它的一个例子

 /** * Created by StrongMan on 25/05/14. */ import com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport; import java.net.URL; import java.security.Security; import java.util.*; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import javax.activation.DataHandler; import javax.activation.DataSource; import javax.activation.URLDataSource; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; /** * * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14744197/best-practices-sending-javamail-mime-multipart-emails-and-gmail * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3902455/smtp-multipart-alternative-vs-multipart-mixed * * * * @author doraemon */ public class GoogleMail { private GoogleMail() { } /** * Send email using GMail SMTP server. * * @param username GMail username * @param password GMail password * @param recipientEmail TO recipient * @param title title of the message * @param messageText message to be sent * @throws AddressException if the email address parse failed * @throws MessagingException if the connection is dead or not in the connected state or if the message is not a MimeMessage */ public static void Send(final String username, final String password, String recipientEmail, String title, String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws AddressException, MessagingException { GoogleMail.Send(username, password, recipientEmail, "", title, messageText, messageHtml, messageHtmlInline,attachments); } /** * Send email using GMail SMTP server. * * @param username GMail username * @param password GMail password * @param recipientEmail TO recipient * @param ccEmail CC recipient. Can be empty if there is no CC recipient * @param title title of the message * @param messageText message to be sent * @throws AddressException if the email address parse failed * @throws MessagingException if the connection is dead or not in the connected state or if the message is not a MimeMessage */ public static void Send(final String username, final String password, String recipientEmail, String ccEmail, String title, String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline, List<URL> attachments) throws AddressException, MessagingException { Security.addProvider(new com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider()); final String SSL_FACTORY = "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"; // Get a Properties object Properties props = System.getProperties(); props.setProperty("mail.smtps.host", "smtp.gmail.com"); props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", SSL_FACTORY); props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false"); props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "465"); props.setProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); props.setProperty("mail.smtps.auth", "true"); /* If set to false, the QUIT command is sent and the connection is immediately closed. If set to true (the default), causes the transport to wait for the response to the QUIT command. ref : http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/javadocs/com/sun/mail/smtp/package-summary.html http://forum.java.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=5205249 smtpsend.java - demo program from javamail */ props.put("mail.smtps.quitwait", "false"); Session session = Session.getInstance(props, null); // -- Create a new message -- final MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session); // -- Set the FROM and TO fields -- msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username + "@gmail.com")); msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(recipientEmail, false)); if (ccEmail.length() > 0) { msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, InternetAddress.parse(ccEmail, false)); } msg.setSubject(title); // mixed MailContentBuilder mailContentBuilder = new MailContentBuilder(); final Multipart mpMixed = mailContentBuilder.build(messageText, messageHtml, messageHtmlInline, attachments); msg.setContent(mpMixed); msg.setSentDate(new Date()); SMTPTransport t = (SMTPTransport)session.getTransport("smtps"); t.connect("smtp.gmail.com", username, password); t.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients()); t.close(); } } 

Answer 3

消息有内容。 内容可以是文本，html，DataHandler或Multipart，并且只能有一个内容。 多部件只有BodyParts，但可以有多个。 身体部分，如消息，可以有已经描述的内容。

带有HTML，文本和附件的消息可以像这样分层次看待：

 message mainMultipart (content for message, subType="related") ->htmlAndTextBodyPart (bodyPart1 for mainMultipart) ->htmlAndTextMultipart (content for htmlAndTextBodyPart, subType="alternative") ->textBodyPart (bodyPart2 for the htmlAndTextMultipart) ->text (content for textBodyPart) ->htmlBodyPart (bodyPart1 for htmlAndTextMultipart) ->html (content for htmlBodyPart) ->fileBodyPart1 (bodyPart2 for the mainMultipart) ->FileDataHandler (content for fileBodyPart1 ) 

并build立这样的消息的代码：

  // the parent or main part if you will Multipart mainMultipart = new MimeMultipart("related"); // this will hold text and html and tells the client there are 2 versions of the message (html and text). presumably text // being the alternative to html Multipart htmlAndTextMultipart = new MimeMultipart("alternative"); // set text MimeBodyPart textBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); textBodyPart.setText(text); htmlAndTextMultipart.addBodyPart(textBodyPart); // set html (set this last per rfc1341 which states last = best) MimeBodyPart htmlBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); htmlBodyPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8"); htmlAndTextMultipart.addBodyPart(htmlBodyPart); // stuff the multipart into a bodypart and add the bodyPart to the mainMultipart MimeBodyPart htmlAndTextBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); htmlAndTextBodyPart.setContent(htmlAndTextMultipart); mainMultipart.addBodyPart(htmlAndTextBodyPart); // attach file body parts directly to the mainMultipart MimeBodyPart filePart = new MimeBodyPart(); FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource("/path/to/some/file.txt"); filePart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds)); filePart.setFileName(fds.getName()); mainMultipart.addBodyPart(filePart); // set message content message.setContent(mainMultipart); 

Answer 4

基于Iain的例子，我也有类似的需求，用单独的明文，HTML和多个附件来编写这些电子邮件，但使用PHP。 由于我们使用Amazon SES发送带附件的电子邮件，因此API目前要求您使用sendRawEmail（…）函数从头开始构build电子邮件。

经过大量的调查（并且比正常的挫败感），问题得以解决，并且PHP源代码被公布，以便可以帮助其他人遇到类似的问题。 希望这可以帮助别人 – 我被迫在这个问题上工作的猴子队伍现在已经筋疲力尽了。

用于使用Amazon SES发送带有附件的电子邮件的PHP源代码。

 <?php require_once('AWSSDKforPHP/aws.phar'); use Aws\Ses\SesClient; /** * SESUtils is a tool to make it easier to work with Amazon Simple Email Service * Features: * A client to prepare emails for use with sending attachments or not * * There is no warranty - use this code at your own risk. * @author sbossen with assistance from Michael Deal * http://righthandedmonkey.com * * Update: Error checking and new params input array provided by Michael Deal * Update2: Corrected for allowing to send multiple attachments and plain text/html body * Ref: Http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3902455/smtp-multipart-alternative-vs-multipart-mixed/ */ class SESUtils { const version = "1.0"; const AWS_KEY = "YOUR-KEY"; const AWS_SEC = "YOUR-SECRET"; const AWS_REGION = "us-east-1"; const MAX_ATTACHMENT_NAME_LEN = 60; /** * Usage: $params = array( "to" => "[e-mail]", "subject" => "Some subject", "message" => "<strong>Some email body</strong>", "from" => "sender@verifiedbyaws", //OPTIONAL "replyTo" => "[e-mail]", //OPTIONAL "files" => array( 1 => array( "name" => "filename1", "filepath" => "/path/to/file1.txt", "mime" => "application/octet-stream" ), 2 => array( "name" => "filename2", "filepath" => "/path/to/file2.txt", "mime" => "application/octet-stream" ), ) ); $res = SESUtils::sendMail($params); * NOTE: When sending a single file, omit the key (ie. the '1 =>') * or use 0 => array(...) - otherwise the file will come out garbled * ie. use: * "files" => array( * 0 => array( "name" => "filename", "filepath" => "path/to/file.txt", * "mime" => "application/octet-stream") * * For the 'to' parameter, you can send multiple recipiants with an array * "to" => array("[e-mail]", "[e-mail]") * use $res->success to check if it was successful * use $res->message_id to check later with Amazon for further processing * use $res->result_text to look for error text if the task was not successful * * @param array $params - array of parameters for the email * @return \ResultHelper */ public static function sendMail($params) { $to = self::getParam($params, 'to', true); $subject = self::getParam($params, 'subject', true); $body = self::getParam($params, 'message', true); $from = self::getParam($params, 'from', true); $replyTo = self::getParam($params, 'replyTo'); $files = self::getParam($params, 'files'); $res = new ResultHelper(); // get the client ready $client = SesClient::factory(array( 'key' => self::AWS_KEY, 'secret' => self::AWS_SEC, 'region' => self::AWS_REGION )); // build the message if (is_array($to)) { $to_str = rtrim(implode(',', $to), ','); } else { $to_str = $to; } $msg = "To: $to_str\n"; $msg .= "From: $from\n"; if ($replyTo) { $msg .= "Reply-To: $replyTo\n"; } // in case you have funny characters in the subject $subject = mb_encode_mimeheader($subject, 'UTF-8'); $msg .= "Subject: $subject\n"; $msg .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"; $msg .= "Content-Type: multipart/mixed;\n"; $boundary = uniqid("_Part_".time(), true); //random unique string $boundary2 = uniqid("_Part2_".time(), true); //random unique string $msg .= " boundary=\"$boundary\"\n"; $msg .= "\n"; // now the actual body $msg .= "--$boundary\n"; //since we are sending text and html emails with multiple attachments //we must use a combination of mixed and alternative boundaries //hence the use of boundary and boundary2 $msg .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n"; $msg .= " boundary=\"$boundary2\"\n"; $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= "--$boundary2\n"; // first, the plain text $msg .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"; $msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n"; $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= strip_tags($body); //remove any HTML tags $msg .= "\n"; // now, the html text $msg .= "--$boundary2\n"; $msg .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n"; $msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n"; $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= $body; $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= "--$boundary2--\n"; // add attachments if (is_array($files)) { $count = count($files); foreach ($files as $file) { $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= "--$boundary\n"; $msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n"; $clean_filename = self::clean_filename($file["name"], self::MAX_ATTACHMENT_NAME_LEN); $msg .= "Content-Type: {$file['mime']}; name=$clean_filename;\n"; $msg .= "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$clean_filename;\n"; $msg .= "\n"; $msg .= base64_encode(file_get_contents($file['filepath'])); $msg .= "\n--$boundary"; } // close email $msg .= "--\n"; } // now send the email out try { $ses_result = $client->sendRawEmail( array( 'RawMessage' => array( 'Data' => base64_encode($msg) ) ), array( 'Source' => $from, 'Destinations' => $to_str ) ); if ($ses_result) { $res->message_id = $ses_result->get('MessageId'); } else { $res->success = false; $res->result_text = "Amazon SES did not return a MessageId"; } } catch (Exception $e) { $res->success = false; $res->result_text = $e->getMessage(). " - To: $to_str, Sender: $from, Subject: $subject"; } return $res; } private static function getParam($params, $param, $required = false) { $value = isset($params[$param]) ? $params[$param] : null; if ($required && empty($value)) { throw new Exception('"'.$param.'" parameter is required.'); } else { return $value; } } /** Clean filename function - to get a file friendly **/ public static function clean_filename($str, $limit = 0, $replace=array(), $delimiter='-') { if( !empty($replace) ) { $str = str_replace((array)$replace, ' ', $str); } $clean = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $str); $clean = preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\/_| -]/", '', $clean); $clean = preg_replace("/[\/| -]+/", '-', $clean); if ($limit > 0) { //don't truncate file extension $arr = explode(".", $clean); $size = count($arr); $base = ""; $ext = ""; if ($size > 0) { for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) { if ($i < $size - 1) { //if it's not the last item, add to $bn $base .= $arr[$i]; //if next one isn't last, add a dot if ($i < $size - 2) $base .= "."; } else { if ($i > 0) $ext = "."; $ext .= $arr[$i]; } } } $bn_size = mb_strlen($base); $ex_size = mb_strlen($ext); $bn_new = mb_substr($base, 0, $limit - $ex_size); // doing again in case extension is long $clean = mb_substr($bn_new.$ext, 0, $limit); } return $clean; } } class ResultHelper { public $success = true; public $result_text = ""; public $message_id = ""; } ?> 

Answer 5

好的答案Lain！

我做了一些事情来使这个更广泛的设备工作。 最后，我会列出我testing的客户端。

1. 我添加了一个新的构build器，不包含参数附件，并没有使用MimeMultipart（“混合”）。 如果您仅发送内嵌图像，则不需要混合。

    public Multipart build(String messageText, String messageHtml, List<URL> messageHtmlInline) throws MessagingException { final Multipart mpAlternative = new MimeMultipart("alternative"); { // Note: MUST RENDER HTML LAST otherwise iPad mail client only renders // the last image and no email addTextVersion(mpAlternative,messageText); addHtmlVersion(mpAlternative,messageHtml, messageHtmlInline); } return mpAlternative; } 

2. 在addTextVersion方法中，我添加了字符集时添加内容这可能应该传入，但我只是静态添加它。

    textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain"); to textPart.setContent(messageText, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); 

3. 最后一项是添加到addImagesInline方法。 我添加了下面的代码设置图像文件名的头。 如果你不这样做，那么至less在Android的默认邮件客户端，它将有内联的图像，名称为“未知”，不会自动下载它们并呈现在电子邮件中。

    for (URL img : embeded) { final MimeBodyPart htmlPartImg = new MimeBodyPart(); DataSource htmlPartImgDs = new URLDataSource(img); htmlPartImg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(htmlPartImgDs)); String fileName = img.getFile(); fileName = getFileName(fileName); String newFileName = cids.get(fileName); boolean imageNotReferencedInHtml = newFileName == null; if (imageNotReferencedInHtml) continue; htmlPartImg.setHeader("Content-ID", "<"+newFileName+">"); htmlPartImg.setDisposition(BodyPart.INLINE); **htmlPartImg.setFileName(newFileName);** parent.addBodyPart(htmlPartImg); } 

最后，这是我testing的客户端列表。 Outlook 2010，Outlook Web App，Internet Explorer 11，Firefox，Chrome，使用Apple本机应用程序的Outlook，通过Gmail的电子邮件 – 浏览器邮件客户端，Internet Explorer 11，Firefox，Chrome，Android默认邮件客户端， Android上的邮件客户端，iPhone上的Gmail邮件客户端，通过Yahoo浏览器的邮件客户端，Internet Explorer 11，Firefox，Chrome，Android默认邮件客户端，OSX IPhone默认邮件客户端。

希望帮助其他人。

Answer 6

我遇到这个问题。 这个架构（来自Lain的答案）为我工作。 这是Python中的解决scheme。

• 杂
  • 替代
    • 文本
    • 有关
      • HTML
      • 内嵌图像
      • 内嵌图像
  • 附件
  • 附件

这是主要的电子邮件创buildfunction：

 def create_message_with_attachment( sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile): """Create a message for an email. Args: sender: Email address of the sender. to: Email address of the receiver. subject: The subject of the email message. message_text: The text of the email message. file: The path to the file to be attached. Returns: An object containing a base64url encoded email object. """ message = MIMEMultipart('mixed') message['to'] = to message['from'] = sender message['subject'] = subject message_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') message_related = MIMEMultipart('related') message_related.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html')) message_alternative.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain')) message_alternative.attach(message_related) message.attach(message_alternative) print "create_message_with_attachment: file:", attachmentFile content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile) if content_type is None or encoding is not None: content_type = 'application/octet-stream' main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1) if main_type == 'text': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() elif main_type == 'image': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() elif main_type == 'audio': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() else: fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type) msg.set_payload(fp.read()) fp.close() filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile) msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) message.attach(msg) return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())} 

以下是发送包含html / text / attachment的电子邮件的完整代码：

 import httplib2 import os import oauth2client from oauth2client import client, tools import base64 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from apiclient import errors, discovery import mimetypes from email.mime.image import MIMEImage from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio from email.mime.base import MIMEBase SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send' CLIENT_SECRET_FILE1 = 'client_secret.json' location = os.path.realpath( os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__))) CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = os.path.join(location, CLIENT_SECRET_FILE1) APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email' def get_credentials(): home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~') credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials') if not os.path.exists(credential_dir): os.makedirs(credential_dir) credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir, 'gmail-python-email-send.json') store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path) credentials = store.get() if not credentials or credentials.invalid: flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES) flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store) print 'Storing credentials to ' + credential_path return credentials def SendMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile): credentials = get_credentials() http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()) service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http) message1 = create_message_with_attachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile) SendMessageInternal(service, "me", message1) def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message): try: message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute()) print 'Message Id: %s' % message['id'] return message except errors.HttpError, error: print 'An error occurred: %s' % error return "error" def create_message_with_attachment( sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile): """Create a message for an email. Args: sender: Email address of the sender. to: Email address of the receiver. subject: The subject of the email message. message_text: The text of the email message. file: The path to the file to be attached. Returns: An object containing a base64url encoded email object. """ message = MIMEMultipart('mixed') message['to'] = to message['from'] = sender message['subject'] = subject message_alternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') message_related = MIMEMultipart('related') message_related.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html')) message_alternative.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain')) message_alternative.attach(message_related) message.attach(message_alternative) print "create_message_with_attachment: file:", attachmentFile content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile) if content_type is None or encoding is not None: content_type = 'application/octet-stream' main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1) if main_type == 'text': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() elif main_type == 'image': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() elif main_type == 'audio': fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type) fp.close() else: fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb') msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type) msg.set_payload(fp.read()) fp.close() filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile) msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) message.attach(msg) return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())} def main(): to = "[e-mail]" sender = "[e-mail]" subject = "subject" msgHtml = "Hi<br/>Html Email" msgPlain = "Hi\nPlain Email" attachment = "/path/to/file.pdf" SendMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachment) if __name__ == '__main__': main() 

Answer 7

这里是最好的： 带附件和内嵌图像的Multipart / mixed mime消息

和图像： https ： //www.qcode.co.ukhttp://img.dovov.commime-nesting-structure.png

 From: [e-mail] To: to@@qcode.co.uk Subject: Example Email MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="MixedBoundaryString" --MixedBoundaryString Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="RelatedBoundaryString" --RelatedBoundaryString Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="AlternativeBoundaryString" --AlternativeBoundaryString Content-Type: text/plain;charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable This is the plain text part of the email. --AlternativeBoundaryString Content-Type: text/html;charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html> <body>=0D <img src=3D=22cid:masthead.png=40qcode.co.uk=22 width 800 height=3D80= =5C>=0D <p>This is the html part of the email.</p>=0D <img src=3D=22cid:logo.png=40qcode.co.uk=22 width 200 height=3D60 =5C= >=0D </body>=0D </html>=0D --AlternativeBoundaryString-- --RelatedBoundaryString Content-Type: image/jpgeg;name="logo.png" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline;filename="logo.png" Content-ID: <[e-mail]> amtsb2hiaXVvbHJueXZzNXQ2XHVmdGd5d2VoYmFmaGpremxidTh2b2hydHVqd255aHVpbnRyZnhu dWkgb2l1b3NydGhpdXRvZ2hqdWlyb2h5dWd0aXJlaHN1aWhndXNpaHhidnVqZmtkeG5qaG5iZ3Vy ... ... a25qbW9nNXRwbF0nemVycHpvemlnc3k5aDZqcm9wdHo7amlodDhpOTA4N3U5Nnkwb2tqMm9sd3An LGZ2cDBbZWRzcm85eWo1Zmtsc2xrZ3g= --RelatedBoundaryString Content-Type: image/jpgeg;name="masthead.png" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline;filename="masthead.png" Content-ID: <[e-mail]> aXR4ZGh5Yjd1OHk3MzQ4eXFndzhpYW9wO2tibHB6c2tqOTgwNXE0aW9qYWJ6aXBqOTBpcjl2MC1t dGlmOTA0cW05dGkwbWk0OXQwYVttaXZvcnBhXGtsbGo7emt2c2pkZnI7Z2lwb2F1amdpNTh1NDlh ... ... eXN6dWdoeXhiNzhuZzdnaHQ3eW9zemlqb2FqZWt0cmZ1eXZnamhka3JmdDg3aXV2dWd5aGVidXdz dhyuhehe76YTGSFGA= --RelatedBoundaryString-- --MixedBoundaryString Content-Type: application/pdf;name="Invoice_1.pdf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="Invoice_1.pdf" aGZqZGtsZ3poZHVpeWZoemd2dXNoamRibngganZodWpyYWRuIHVqO0hmSjtyRVVPIEZSO05SVURF SEx1aWhudWpoZ3h1XGh1c2loZWRma25kamlsXHpodXZpZmhkcnVsaGpnZmtsaGVqZ2xod2plZmdq ... ... a2psajY1ZWxqanNveHV5ZXJ3NTQzYXRnZnJhZXdhcmV0eXRia2xhanNueXVpNjRvNWllc3l1c2lw dWg4NTA0 --MixedBoundaryString Content-Type: application/pdf;name="SpecialOffer.pdf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="SpecialOffer.pdf" aXBvY21odWl0dnI1dWk4OXdzNHU5NTgwcDN3YTt1OTQwc3U4NTk1dTg0dTV5OGlncHE1dW4zOTgw cS0zNHU4NTk0eWI4OTcwdjg5MHE4cHV0O3BvYTt6dWI7dWlvenZ1em9pdW51dDlvdTg5YnE4N3Z3 ... ... OTViOHk5cDV3dTh5bnB3dWZ2OHQ5dTh2cHVpO2p2Ymd1eTg5MGg3ajY4bjZ2ODl1ZGlvcjQ1amts dfnhgjdfihn= --MixedBoundaryString-- . 

架构多部分/相关/替代

 Header |From: email |To: email |MIME-Version: 1.0 |Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="boundary1"; Message body |multipart/mixed --boundary1 |--boundary1 | multipart/related --boundary2 | |--boundary2 | | multipart/alternative --boundary3 | | |--boundary3 | | |text/plain | | |--boundary3 | | |text/html | | |--boundary3-- | |--boundary2 | |Inline image | |--boundary2 | |Inline image | |--boundary2-- |--boundary1 |Attachment1 |--boundary1 |Attachment2 |--boundary1 |Attachment3 |--boundary1-- | .